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Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Chlorpyrifos and coumaphos are both OP insecticides; chlorpyrifos is used on both crops and livestock, but coumaphos is used exclusively on animals. Carbofuran, a carbamate insecticide, is used on crops. Pendimethalin and trifluralin are herbicides used on annual grasses and broadleaf weeds among crops, and metalazyl is a fungicide used on crops and in soil treatment for disease control. The acute toxicities of these pesticides vary from slightly toxic (pendimethalin) to highly toxic (coumaphos and carbofuran).1167 Chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, and carbofuran all inhibit AChE to varying degrees.1167 Thus, it is unlikely that the observations for these six chemicals could result from some common use pattern or toxicity. Although the findings for these unrelated pesticides make it difficult to speculate on a potential mechanism, the results do suggest that pesticide exposures that do not result in poisonings may be a risk factor for MI in women.
Evaluation of genotoxicity induced by herbicide pendimethalin in fresh water fish Clarias batrachus (linn.) and possible role of oxidative stress in induced DNA damage
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Priyanka Gupta, Sushant Kumar Verma
Belonging to the class di-nitroaniline the herbicide pendimethalin is generally used to remove annual grasses of agricultural fields. Being moderately persistent and bio-accumulative toxic compound (Roca et al. 2009) this herbicide has been identified as a contaminant not only in ground water with a concentration of 0.1 to 6 μg L−1 but also in agricultural soil at around 13 mg kg−1 (Strandberg and Scott-Fordsmand 2004).