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Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Sherweit El-Ahmady, Nehal Ibrahim, Nermeen Farag, Sara Gabr
Anthocyanins are mainly present in purple and black carrots. Cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, malvidin and pelargonidin anthocyanins have been reported in black carrot (Sun et al. 2009, Arscott and Tanumihardjo 2010, Baranski et al. 2012). Anthocyanins available in black carrots have been extensively investigated and reviewed in the literature (Simon 2000, Kammerer et al. 2003, Surles et al. 2004). These water-soluble pigments are mainly responsible for imparting red, purple, and blue colors to many fruits, vegetables, flowers, and grains and have been widely used as natural colorants in food and beverage industries (Reed 2002, Mazza 2007). Five major anthocyanin pigments, two nonacylated cyanidins (cyanidin 3-xylosylglucosylgalactoside and cyanidin 3-xylosylgalactoside) and three cyanidins acylated with sinapic acid (cyanidin 3-sinapoylxylosylglucosylgalactoside, cyanidin 3-feruloylxylosylglucosylgalactoside (ferulic acid) and cyanidin 3-p-coumaroylxylosylglucosylgalactoside (p-coumaric acid)) have been reported in black carrots (Alasalvar et al. 2001, Algarra et al. 2014).
Chemistry of Syzygium cumini
Published in K. N. Nair, The Genus Syzygium, 2017
All six major types of anthocyanidins are identified by HPLC (Figure 6.10). Acid-hydrolyzed pulp extract showed five anthocyanidins by HPLC: malvidin (A) (44.4%), petunidin (B) (24.2%), delphinidin (C) (20.3%), cyanidin (D) (6.6%), and peonidin (E) (2.2%) (Aqil et al. 2012), suggesting the presence of five types of anthocyanidins. However, de Sousa et al. (2007) detected pelargonidin (F) from fruit by HPLC-MS/MS.
Autofluorescence as a Parameter to Study Pharmaceutical Materials
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
Flavonoids and aromatic acids. Earlier work on plant cellular blue emission related to the flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin was done with luminescence microscopy. Then, derivatives of kaempferol and other phenols, including ferulic acid, were analyzed by laser-scanning confocal microscopy (Hutzler et al. 1998). Recently, new data dealing with the visualization of caffeic and vanillic acids in living samples have appeared (Talamond et al. 2015). Leaf salt glands (peculiar to salt-accumulating plants belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae) fluoresce when excited by light at 360–380 nm. The salt-containing leaf glands of lamb’s quarters, Chenopodium album L., emit in blue, green, or green-yellow due to the presence of various phenols, including ferulic acid and flavonoids, which impregnate the calcium crystals (which have no emission themselves in pure form) in glandular cells (Roshchina et al. 2011; Roshchina 2014). In flower secretory hairs of Saintpaulia, anthocyanin flavonoids predominate throughout the whole multicellular structure. The red flavonoids anthocyanin pelargonidin emits mainly in blue (450–460 nm), and to a small degree in red (625–650 nm). In the base medium of vacuolar sap, the pigment transformed into blue-colored cyanidin shows the same fluorescence characteristics. Aromatic acids such as ferulic, cinnamic, and other are concentrated in the top of the trichome, which emits only in blue under UV light excitation (Roshchina et al. 2017a). Emission attributed to monomeric and/or condensed flavanol is localized in the whole tissue, with major fluorescence in the cuticle region (Vidot et al. 2018, 2019). Image analysis of fluorescence emission images acquired between 300 and 650 nm allowed the assignment of fluorescence signals to phenolic compounds based on reference molecules. Fluorescent hydroxycinnamic acid is concentrated predominantly in the outer cortex and appears in the cell wall, while fluorescent pigments mostly occur in the epidermis. Apple varieties may be distinguished due to the distribution of flavanols in the sub-cuticle and phenolic acids in the outer cortex.
Pelargonidin ameliorates reserpine-induced neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cascade: a comparative in vivo study
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Engy R. Rashed, Tarek El-Hamoly, Marwa M. El-Sheikh, Mona A. El-Ghazaly
Along the same lines, the pelargonidin (PEL) [2–(4-hydroxyphenyl) chromenylium-3,5,7- triol] is an anthocyanidin that is naturally abundant in many fruits and vegetables. Among structurally-comparable compounds, it has been reported to possess a strong antioxidant effect, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, and an inhibiting effect against lipid peroxidation (Miguel 2011). In addition, PEL has been investigated as an anti-inflammatory flavonoid via inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the activity of NF-κB (Hamalainen et al.2007). In vivo, PEL has been studied in a variety of experimental models; namely, atherosclerosis, diabetes and cardiovascular dysfunction (Noda et al.2002, Min et al.2018).
Metabolomic Profile in the Aqueous Humor of Congenital Ectopia Lentis
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Liyan Liu, Yiqing Li, Dongwei Guo, Huiwen Ye, Haotian Qi, Bin Zou, Danying Zheng, Guangming Jin
Besides, we assessed the impact of 175 metabolites by ROC analysis. The results indicated that eight metabolites could serve as potential biomarkers in AH for a good discrimination between CEL and controls. Pelargonidin is a phenolic substance with antioxidant activity that could reduce intraocular pressure and oxidative damage, and prevent the development of glaucoma by maintaining antioxidant enzyme levels.53 Petunidin, an anthocyanin, also has antioxidant activity and was reported to inhibit lens opacity.54 Mimosine is a nonprotein amino acid, tyrosine analogue, that can chelate iron to block the normal mammalian cell cycle,55 activate apoptosis, and induce reactive oxygen species production.56 These results may be related to the final phenotype of the disease. However, since very scant information is available about the role of these substances in ocular diseases, it is difficult to determine the deeper internal association.
An anthocyanin-enriched extract from strawberries delays disease onset and extends survival in the hSOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Aimee N. Winter, Erika K. Ross, Heather M. Wilkins, Trisha R. Stankiewicz, Tyler Wallace, Keith Miller, Daniel A. Linseman
It has been previously reported that pelargonidin-O-3-glucoside (callistephin) is the major anthocyanin constituent of strawberry fruit.35 This was confirmed by comparing a pure callistephin chloride standard (97% pure, Sigma- Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) to the extract (Figure 1). Other peaks visible in Figure 1A represent other anthocyanin species contained within the extract at lesser concentrations. Other anthocyanin species commonly found in strawberry fruit include pelargonidin-3-glucoside-succinate, pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-glucoside, which likely account for the other peaks observed in Figure 1A; however, these peaks were not identified in this work.35 The concentration of callistephin in SAE was then determined by constructing a standard curve using the pure callistephin standard. A 1 mg/ml solution was prepared initially in mobile phase A, and then diluted to 3/5, 2/5, 1/5, and 1/10 of the original concentration. Standards were injected individually and run under HPLC conditions as described above to create a linear curve (R2 ≥ 0.990) of peak area vs. concentration.