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The Role of Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Inflammation
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Marcela Dvorakova, Premysl Landa, Lenka Langhansova
In another study on dietary stilbenes, pterostilbene and oxyresveratrol were found to inhibit 5-LOX in cell-free assay with IC50 values of 9.32 µM and 18.5 µM, respectively (Kutil et al., 2015). Both these compounds inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 with moderate efficiency with IC50 values between 2.79 µM and 27.0 µM. On the other hand, in this study pinostilbene was found to potently inhibit COXs (IC50 = 1.90 µM and 0.35 µM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively); however, it was found inactive in 5-LOX assay below 50 µM, which is in deep contrast with the study of Lelakova et al. (2019). Resveratrol inhibited COXs with IC50 values ranging between 0.2 µM and 2.27 µM for COX-1, and between 0.9 µM and 3.40 µM for COX-2, respectively (Kutil et al., 2015; Lelakova et al., 2019). All in all, these results revealed some stilbenes as potent dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors.
Pharmacology of Disogenin and Related Compounds
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Contemporary Phytomedicines, 2017
A methanol extract of Smilax china was partitioned into hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Of the three fractions, ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest inhibition of tyrosinase activity with l-tyrosine or l-DOPA as a substrate. Two compounds were isolated from a final active fraction by activity-guided column chromatography. These compounds were identified as dioscin and oxyresveratrol (Fig. 20.5). Dioscin showed little inhibition activity of tyrosinase, whereas oxyresveratrol, a known tyrosinase inhibitor, showed a strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity (Liang et al. 2012).
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson’s disease
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Anuri Shah, Jianfei Chao, Cristina Legido-Quigley, Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
Oxyresveratrol (OXY) is a stilbenoid synthesized by the hydrolytic activation of Mulberroside A, a compound found primarily in the root of Morus Alba (white mulberry). OXY is a hydroxyl derivative of its well-known counterpart, resveratrol (RES) (Figure 2). Several reports have demonstrated the enhanced antioxidant effects of OXY over RES [32,33]. Apposite to PD, we have previously shown the neuroprotective effects of OXY on reducing apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell line [34]. This study also revealed a wider therapeutic window of OXY compared to RES. While the protective roles of RES against 6-OHDA-induced inflammation [35] and oxidative stress [36] have been reported, higher concentrations of RES are known to induce ER stress [37]. To our knowledge, the effects of OXY on ER stress are still unclear. Pinostilbene (PINO), a methylated derivative of RES also exerts neuroprotection against 6-OHDA induced oxidative stress [38]. Based on these properties of the different stilbenes, we hypothesized that OXY exerts inhibitory effects on ER stress in experimental PD. For this purpose, we used two different ER stress models of PD; one triggered by the dopaminergic toxin, 6-OHDA, and one initiated by the oligomerization of mutant α-syn. We also aimed to compare the effects of OXY with RES and PINO in these models. Assessing the effects of stilbenoids on ER stress-mediated neurodegeneration will give better insights into their mechanism of action and extent of neuroprotection.
Biochemical and histopathological analysis after sub-chronic administration of oxyresveratrol in Wistar rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Nisat Alam, Hasina Najnin, Maidul Islam, Sonam Shakya, Ishaat M. Khan, Rana Zaidi
Oxyresveratrol is also used as a food ingredient (Chen et al. 2016), along with other uses in the cosmetic industry (Ortiz-Ruiz et al. 2015). Therefore, safety measures are required for its long-term usage. For completing the oral toxicological assessment of OXY, in vivo studies were conducted. Chen et al. (2013) have indicated that Morus alba L. contains OXY as the active compound. Recently, de Oliveira et al. (2016) assessed the acute toxicity of ethanolic extracts of M. alba L.(Moraceae) in mice and reported that oral administration of 2000 mg/kg B.W. extract caused no mortality. Pharmacological activity of OXY has shown that oral treatment of 50 mg/kg of OXY significantly protected kainic-acid-induced hippocampal CA3 neuronal cell death in male ICR mice (Lee et al. 2019). Oral pretreatment with 50 mg/kg B.W of oxyresveratrol also inhibited the ulcer index and ulcer score when compared to disease control group in male BALB/c mice (Aziz et al. 2019). OXY prevents lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice at 80 mg/kg body weight (Jia etal. 2018). Previous reports have also suggested that OXY exerts its biological activities at doses ranging from 1 to 80 mg/kg body weight in rodents (mice and rats) (Zhang et al. 2008, Wong et al. 2017, Aziz et al. 2019). Moreover, different pharmacokinetic studies of OXY were performed at 1 g/kg Smilax china extract (equal to 180 mg/kg OXY), 100 mg/kg OXY and 100 mg/kg OXY + 10 mg/kg piperine in rats (Junsaeng etal.2019). However, Chuanasa et al. (2008) used 500 mg/kg/dose OXY orally from A. lacucha to treat HSV-1 infection in mice.