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Clonality, Growth and Spread of Cancer
Published in Jeremy R. Jass, Understanding Pathology, 2020
The clonal nature of neoplasm can be demonstrated in a number of ways. Like many endocrine glands, the anterior pituitary comprises multiple glands in one. With the use of a dual stain (periodic acid Schiff/Orange G), one can see that the gland comprises intermingled cells which are either periodic acid Schiff positive (magenta) or exclusively Orange G positive. A neoplasm of the anterior pituitary, however, may be exclusively periodic acid Schiff positive (secreting the hormone ACTH) or Orange G positive (secreting growth hormone and prolactin), but not positive using both techniques. Similarly, normal B lymphocytes secrete either kappa or lambda light chains whereas a neoplasm of B lymphocytes produces a light chain of one class only. It could be argued that the neoplastic process is occurring within cells of one type only, but is still polyclonal with respect to cells of that type.
Evaluating Effects of Conditioning Formulations on Hair
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Visual evidence of the presence of cationic conditioning agents on the surface of hair can be obtained by staining hair with anionic dyes such as Rubine dye (59). Since this material is no longer available commercially, similar dyes such as Red 80, Red 84, Orange II, and Orange G can be employed. The hair treatment procedure involves the use of 3.4 mM dye aqueous stock solutions containing acetic acid which are diluted 1:5 for a 1-min treatment of hair. The dye solutions produce little change in coloration of intact hair or hair treated with quaternary alkyl compounds with a chain length below CIO. For longer-cham cationic surfactants, the extent of hair coloration becomes very high, reaching reflectance values as low as 17% for C16-containing quaternary ammonium compounds. This technique can be employed to detect the presence of cationics on the hair after the application of creme rinse formulations based on cationic surfactants or conditioning shampoos containing cationic polymers.
Miscellaneous
Published in Joseph Kovi, Hung Dinh Duong, Frozen Section In Surgical Pathology: An Atlas, 2019
In recent years two important staining techniques have been developed for frozen section diagnosis of pituitary adenomas. Velasco et al.312 described a simple reticulum stain for differentiating anterior pituitary microadenomas and normal adenohypophysis. Adelman and Post313 modified the Orange G-P.A.S.-hematoxylin stain for use on frozen sections.
Association between HLA-G 14bp Gene Polymorphism and Serum sHLA-G Protein Concentrations in Preeclamptic Patients and Normal Pregnant Women
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2018
Saber Rokhafrooz, Ata Ghadiri, Pegah Ghandil, Mehri Ghafourian, Seyed Hojjat Hossaini, Nahid Daraei, Mahin Najafian, Ahmad Rouhizadeh
For genotyping of the HLA-G gene 14 bp Ins/Del polymorphism in the 3′-UTR in exon 8, the PCR products were run on agarose gel electrophoresis (2% Vivantis LE Agarose, SDE, Shah Alam, Malaysia) and detected by staining with DNA Safe Stainv2 included Bromophenol Blue, Xylene Cyanol FF and Orange G (SinaClon). Ultraviolet detection was performed by a Gel Doc™ XR+ System (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The 224 bp PCR product was associated with the 14 bp Ins allele, while a 210 bp fragment was associated with the 14 bp Del allele. The allele and genotype frequencies of the 14 bp Ins/Del polymorphism in the 3′-UTR were scored by direct numbering. Some of the PCR products were verified as HLA-G specific by DNA sequencing (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).
Platelet-rich plasma promotes bone formation, restrains adipogenesis and accelerates vascularization to relieve steroids-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Published in Platelets, 2021
Hui-Hui Xu, Suo-Mi Li, Liang Fang, Chen-Jie Xia, Peng Zhang, Rui Xu, Zhen-Yu Shi, Zhen Zou, Qin-Wen Ge, Pinger Wang, Pei-Jian Tong, Hong-Ting Jin
The femoral head of rats was fixed in neutral formaldehyde solution at a volume fraction of 4% (0.1 mol/L, pH 7.4) for 3 days, followed by decalcification in 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, pH 7.4) for 3–4 weeks. The samples were embedded in paraffin, cut into 3 μm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Alcian blue hematoxylin/orange G (ABH). A total of five different tissue sections were selected for the assessment of bone-marrow cells, intra-marrow adipocytes, osteocytes, and trabecular morphology with a light microscope (Axioscope A1; Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), and the ratio of empty bone lacuna was calculated.
Pyrrole derivatives as potential anti-cancer therapeutics: synthesis, mechanisms of action, safety
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Halyna Kuznietsova, Natalia Dziubenko, Iryna Byelinska, Vasyl Hurmach, Andriy Bychko, Oksana Lynchak, Demyd Milokhov, Olga Khilya, Volodymyr Rybalchenko
60 F254 silica gel TLC plates (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were used in verification of chemical structure of the substances. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), n-decane, calcium fluoride (Biopharma, Kyiv, Ukraine) were used in membrane assays. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used for simulation of colorectal carcinogenesis. Ice acetic acid, methanol, tret-buthanol, pyridine, sodium tret-butylate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate, trochloroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, ethyl-acetate, ethanol, urea, potassium iodide, ammonium molybdate, H2O2 (Biopharma, Kyiv, Ukraine), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) (Thermo Scientific Pierce, Rockford, USA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), riboflavin (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were used in biochemical assays. Chloroform, formalin, paraffin (Biopharma, Kyiv, Ukraine), haematoxylin, eosin, orange G (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were used in histological assays. Romanowsky dyes, methylene blue, eosin (Biopharma, Kyiv, Ukraine) were used in hematological assays. Cell lines MG-63 and SKOV-3 were provided by American Type Culture Collection, USA, we also used primary normal cell lines PDL and AOB. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Invitrogen, USA), foetal bovine serum (FBS), streptomycin, penicillin (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were used for cell culturing. 3-(4,5-Dimetyl-2-tiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), 5-bromo-2-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) conjugated with fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate, 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD), Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit I (BD Pharmingen, USA) were used in cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis assays.