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Drug Delivery and Bioavailability in Short Bowel Syndrome
Published in John K. DiBaise, Carol Rees Parrish, Jon S. Thompson, Short Bowel Syndrome Practical Approach to Management, 2017
A drug or a supplement can be formulated as a tablet for sublingual administration but is not adequately absorbed in the oral mucosa. Instead, the tablet undergoes rapid dissolution in the mouth, which is then swallowed and follows the normal pattern of absorption from the GI tract [45,46]. This is what is referred to as an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT). ODTs are more convenient to administer compared with regular tablets as ODTs are easier to swallow and can be swallowed without the use of additional fluid or water. Since the absorption process for ODTs is the same as other oral dosage forms, however, these products offer no benefit over conventional oral dosage forms in terms of oral bioavailability and onset of action in patients with severe malabsorption and extensive small intestinal resection. As an example, the so-called sublingual vitamin B12 tablets are commonly ODTs formulated for sublingual administration, yet there is no evidence that vitamin B12 is optimally absorbed in the oral mucosa. Therefore, in patients with extensive small intestinal absorption with the exclusion of the terminal ileum, these vitamin B12 products will likely offer convenience, but not improved bioavailability compared with regular vitamin B12 tablets.
Development of palliative medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Published in Eduardo Bruera, Irene Higginson, Charles F von Gunten, Tatsuya Morita, Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 2015
In a prospective, multicenter phase IV study [54], sublingual fentanyl orally disintegrating tablet (sublingual fentanyl ODT) was studied in 181 patients. During the study, 3163 episodes of BTP were treated with a mean dose of 401.4mcg per episode. In respect to baseline, a significant improvement of maximum BTP intensity appeared with sublingual fentanyl ODT (p<0.0001) within 5 min of administration in 67.7% of episodes and maximum effect within 30Â min in 63% of episodes. Quality of life assessed by means of the modified pain disability index and emotional distress assessed by HADS significantly improved during observational period of 28 days. The drug was well tolerated.
Orodispersible tablets for pediatric drug delivery: current challenges and recent advances
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Raphael Wiedey, Marcel Kokott, Jörg Breitkreutz
A systematic process for identifying and screening databases was selected, following the PRISMA guideline for systematic reviews [30]. The search terms ((orodispersible tablets OR orally disintegrating tablet OR sublingual tablet) AND (child OR children OR pediatric)) were selected and entered into three research databases: Scopus, WebofScience, and PubMed. Reporting date is 31 March 2021. The results were combined, cleared for duplicates, and scanned for relevance, as depicted schematically in Figure 2. The decision on in- or exclusion at this stage was based on the title and abstract. Therapeutic and clinical guidelines, therapeutic strategies, and all review papers were excluded. Publications, which did not state ODTs as dosage forms and pediatric patients as target groups, were excluded as well. The remaining 214 sources were original papers on acceptability of ODTs and other clinical trials and formulation studies aimed at improving persistent drug delivery challenges in the pediatric field.
Oral disintegrating patient-tailored tablets of warfarin sodium produced by 3D printing
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Pan Tian, Fan Yang, Yuan Xu, Min-Mei Lin, Li-Ping Yu, Wei Lin, Qi-Feng Lin, Zhu-Fen Lv, Si-Yu Huang, Yan-Zhong Chen
The methods of determination of disintegration time in vivo are used as follows: six healthy adult volunteers with no smoking history, aged 20–26, half of male and female, were tested 2 h after meals, gargling with warm water three times before each test. After 30 s, One orally disintegrating tablet was placed in the middle of the tongue. The mouth closed naturally and the tongue remained stationary. When there is no sense of coarse sand and gravel, it is completely disintegrated and spit out the mouthpiece. Each person repeated three tests at a time interval of 30 min. When the orally disintegrating tablet was placed on the tongue surface, time was recorded until the tablet is completely disintegrated. The mean value of the three tests was disintegration time in vivo. The tablets disintegration time in vivo was measured by mean ± S.D.
Development and optimization of a meloxicam/β-cyclodextrin complex for orally disintegrating tablet using statistical analysis
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Ahmad Ainurofiq, Syaiful Choiri
Some patients, particularly geriatric and pediatric patients, and those with special conditions such as dysphagia, Parkinson’s disease and cerebral palsy, face limitations with regard to consuming solid oral dosage forms (e.g. tablets and capsules), as they find it especially difficult to swallow or chew tablets1,2. Therefore, to enhance patient treatment compliance and improve therapeutic effectiveness, an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) has been developed by several researchers1,3–6. ODT is an attractive option not only for elderly and pediatric patients, but also for the middle-aged population due to today’s busy lifestyle, as it can be taken anytime and anywhere7. An ODT is a dosage form that is designed to dissolve and disperse rapidly in the mouth, with little or no water required. The European Pharmacopeia describes an ODT as a dosage form that disperses rapidly within 3 min8, while FDA guidance (2008) states that an ODT should have a disintegration time of less than 30 s using the USP model disintegration tester9. Some properties, such as sufficient mechanical strength, lower fragility, palatability, rapid oral cavity disintegration time (DT) and grittiness, are the challenges in developing an ODT formulation7,10.