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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Some patients in early reports on photoallergic contact dermatitis from sunscreens containing the UV-absorber octocrylene (20,21) reported a history of reactions to ketoprofen gel. The possible relationship was first discussed in 2008 (10) and was later confirmed (19). From the data of various studies (9,10,14,19,22,23,24,43) it has been concluded (20) that ketoprofen photosensitivity in a considerable number of the patients (27-80%) leads to octocrylene photocontact allergy. Conversely, octocrylene photocontact allergy is in the great majority (probably >80%) of cases the result of ketoprofen photosensitization (13,14,19,20). The pathomechanism of co-reactivity is not clear (20), possibly octocrylene may contain benzophenone residues from the manufacturing process (13).
Novel UV Filtering Agents for Next-Generation Cosmetics: From Phytochemicals to Inorganic Nanomaterials
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Cinnamates, salicylates octocrylene, and ensulizole are also active organic UV protective agents. Cinnamates are octinoxate (octyl methoxycinnamate [OMC]) and cinoxate (2-ethoxyethyl-methoxycinnamate). OMC is a potent UVB absorber and is the most frequently used sunscreen ingredient. Salicylates are weak UVB absorbers, and they are generally used in combination with other UV filters. Both octisalate and homosalate are water insoluble that leads to their high substantivity, which is the ability to retain its effectiveness after exposure to water and perspiration. Otocrylene has an excellent safety profile with low irritation, phototoxicity, and photoallergic potential and is used in combination with other UV absorbers to achieve higher SPF formulas and to add stability. Ensulizole or phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid is water soluble, and it is used in products formulated to feel lighter and less oily, such as daily use cosmetic moisturizers. It is a selective UVB filter, allowing almost all UVA transmission.
Sunscreens
Published in Dimitris Rigopoulos, Alexander C. Katoulis, Hyperpigmentation, 2017
Octocrylene is a commonly used UVB filter that is primarily employed to stabilize photolabile agents. Ensulizole is likewise a photostable UVB absorber. Avobenzone is an excellent UVA filter with absorption well into the UVA1 range but is very photolabile. It is combined with other agents that assist in stabilizing its protective ability. Menthyl anthranilate is a UVA filter with a maximum absorption in the UVA2 range, but its efficacy is relatively weak.
Prospects of topical protection from ultraviolet radiation exposure: a critical review on the juxtaposition of the benefits and risks involved with the use of chemoprotective agents
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Bhaskar Mazumder, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Broad spectrum protection from UV radiation (both UVA and UVB) can be achieved by combining different UV filters with varying UV absorption spectra which otherwise offer insufficient photoprotection when used alone. Salicylates and cinnamates are often used to augment SPF and are mixed with other UVB absorbers. Avobenzone, a superior UVA blocker, is usually blended with homosalate and octisalate, which are potent UVB filters, to yield optimum broad-spectrum UV protection. Benzophenones and avobenzone suffer increased photolability, due to which octocrylene may be added to counter this problem. To provide synergistic activity, inorganic and organic ingredients may also be used in conjugation where scattering of the UV rays by inorganic agents increases the photons’ optical pathways thereby enhancing the absorption of UV rays by organic agents (74).
FGF-2-containing dalteparin/protamine nanoparticles (FGF-2&D/P NPs) ameliorate UV-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2018
Yuki Takabayashi, Masahiro Kuwabara, Yoko Sato, Masayuki Ishihara, Megumi Takikawa, Shingo Nakamura, Koichi Fukuda, Sumiyo Hiruma, Tomoharu Kiyosawa
UV irradiation consists of three components: UVA, UVB and UVC. Whereas UVA and UVB reach the earth in sufficient amounts to damage the skin, UVC is almost completely absorbed by the ozone layer [1,6]. UVB is particularly harmful, as it deeply penetrates the epidermis and upper part of the dermis, where it damages fibroblasts and associated functions, leading to ECM degradation [6,7]. Sunscreen is applied to protect the skin from UV damage by absorbing UV rays and preventing skin penetration. However, some sunscreen ingredients, including oxybenzone, benzophenone and octocrylene, are potential skin carcinogens or might penetrate into the human body and produce other health risks [8]. Thus, it is necessary to identify effective and safe products for anti-aging and UV protection.
Insights and controversies on sunscreen safety
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2020
Juliana P. Paiva, Raiane R. Diniz, Alvaro C. Leitão, Lucio M. Cabral, Rodrigo S. Fortunato, Bianca A. M. C. Santos, Marcelo de Pádula
Two classes of UV filters are currently being used in sunscreens for minimization of skin UV-induced effects: organic filters, e.g. octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), benzophenone (BP), and its derivatives or octocrylene (OC), and inorganic, e.g. zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) (Ruszkiewicz et al. 2017). Each UV filter has its characteristic absorption spectrum, so it is common to have more than one filter per formulation to broaden protection spectrum by synergistic or additive action. In general, to protect skin against UV-induced damages, organic and inorganic UV filters should act as chromophores in place of the skin's endogenous chromophores by absorbing or reflecting UV photons (González et al. 2008), as demonstrated in Figure 2.