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Gloves and Dermal Exposure to Chemicals
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
We explore the consequences of this model in a hypothetical work scenario. In an aircraft factory, nitrile rubber gloves are used to protect the hands of a worker who cleans special components with toluene. The work is done inside a fume cupboard to control inhalation exposure. The worker takes approximately 60 min to complete the task, and throughout this time the palms of her gloves are covered with toluene. At the end of this work, the gloves are removed and placed in a waste container.
Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
All gloves must meet the European Standard (Loveday et al. 2014). Types of disposable gloves include natural rubber latex (NRL), vinyl and nitrile. NRL is the material of choice due to the degree of protection offered and level of dexterity. To minimise the risk of developing latex sensitivity, NRL gloves must be low protein and powder-free. Staff who regularly use latex gloves must be monitored via occupational health for the development of latex sensitivity.
Biological safety considerations
Published in C M Langton, C F Njeh, The Physical Measurement of Bone, 2016
Latex gloves are commonly used for extended periods in biological laboratories because they provide good protection against biological agents, they protect sensitive samples such as cell cultures from commensal organisms shed by workers and they preserve manual dexterity. Problems arise from allergies due to prolonged use of latex gloves and these are covered in section 2.16.1. It should be remembered that latex does not provide protection against a number of toxic chemicals and solvents. Nitrile or vinyl gloves should be provided, as appropriate, where chemicals are in use for which latex is unsuitable.
Personal protective equipment during COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review on technical aspects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Sai Saran, Mohan Gurjar, Arvind Kumar Baronia, Ayush Lohiya, Afzal Azim, Banani Poddar, Namrata S. Rao
Nonpowdered gloves are preferred to powdered gloves and the use of double gloves is encouraged [16,17]. Appropriate materials for manufacturing gloves includes polyisoprene, polychloroprene, nitrile, natural rubber latex, or neoprene. The standards that need to be adhered to include the ASTM D6319-19 standard for nitrile examination gloves, ASTM D3578-19 for rubber examination gloves, and ASTM D5250-19 for polyvinyl chloride gloves. EN 374 certification on the gloves ensuring minimum level 2 protections (a glove which resists penetration to air and water, passing both air leak and water leak tests) are considered to be micro-organism resistant [57]. The updated ISO 374–5:2016 standard has introduced standards offering protection against micro-organisms, viruses in addition to fungi and bacteria, and further testing to ISO 16604 clothings for protection, against contact with blood and body fluids, is now required [16].
The role of take-home naloxone in the epidemic of opioid overdose involving illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its analogs
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2019
Hong K. Kim, Nicholas J. Connors, Maryann E. Mazer-Amirshahi
Although data are limited, some guidance is available for first responders. Recommendations have been issued by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the DEA, and the American College of Medical Toxicology/American Academy of Clinical Toxicology [143–145]. In general, they include education of first responders, particularly regarding the symptoms of opioid toxicity; when and how to use PPE; decontamination procedures; and instructions for naloxone administration. Proper evidence collection technique is critical for law enforcement personnel [143]. With regard to dermal exposure, nitrile gloves are adequate for low-level risks. For heavily contaminated areas, water-resistant coveralls are recommended. Rapid decontamination with soap and water should be initiated after skin exposure to limit absorption. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers should be avoided [145]. Eye and face protection should be worn if there is concern for splash exposure, and rapid decontamination with water should be initiated if exposure occurs. If there is the potential for significant aerosolized exposure, an N-95 respirator or P 100 mask should provide adequate respiratory protection [144,145]. Any first responder who develops objective symptoms of opioid toxicity should be stabilized, given naloxone if appropriate, and transported to a health-care facility for medical evaluation [143].
A tissue-mimicking prostate phantom for 980 nm laser interstitial thermal therapy
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2019
R. Geoghegan, A. Santamaria, A. Priester, L. Zhang, H. Wu, W. Grundfest, L. Marks, S. Natarajan
The advantages of this phantom over ex vivo tissue are numerous. It is homogenous, reproducible, and easy to work with as it is not a biohazard, unlike cadaveric tissue. It should be noted that acrylamide monomers are toxic; therefore, safety procedures must be adhered to during fabrication. After polymerization the risk is substantially reduced; however, nitrile gloves should still be worn due to the possibility of residual monomers. A key advantage of this phantom is the ability to accurately quantify the coagulation zone. This can be achieved via either direct visualization or T2-weighted MRI. Given this characteristic, the phantom should find utility in both the development and characterization of laser interstitial thermal therapy systems. Finally, the thermal and optical properties of the phantom are similar to human prostate; thus, the phantom provides a useful platform for the development of monitoring modalities such as magnetic resonance thermometry and interstitial thermal probes.