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Cannabis microbiome: Bacteria, fungi, and pesticides
Published in Betty Wedman-St. Louis, Cannabis, 2018
Health Canada added new terms and conditions for two licensed medical marijuana companies that were caught with banned chemicals in their products and now require regular testing for pesticides [21]. The pesticide myclobutanil is banned for use on products that are smoked (tobacco and cannabis) because it emits hydrogen cyanide when heated. A former employee had witnessed it being sprayed on plants. The company knew Health Canada did not test for banned pesticides, and when federal inspectors visited the facility, an employee hid the chemical inside the ceiling tiles of the offices to evade detection, according to reporter Grant Robertson of The Globe and Mail.
Monitoring of pesticides residues in soil samples from the southern districts of Jordan in 2016/2017
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Mohammed H. Kailani, Tawfiq M. Al-Antary, Mahmoud A. Alawi
Table 2 shows concentrations, median, and range of the pesticides residues found in the soil samples collected from Karak district. The median of the found pesticides (mg/kg) were acetamiprid (0.07), azoxystroben (0.07), boscalid (0.36), carbendazim (0.29), chlorantranilprole(0.12), chlorfenapyr (0.45), cyprodinil (0.06), difenconazole (0.19), emamectin (0.05), hexytiazox (0.22), imidacloprid (0.22), indoxacarb (0.08), kerosin-methyl (0.02), metalaxyl (0.16), metribuzin (0.71), myclobutanil (1.03), pyridabin (0.16), tebuconazole (0.07), thiamethoxam (0.11), thiaram (0.44), and triadimenol (0.21). However, five pesticides were found in relatively high residues (median) compared with the remained detected ones in the karak soil samples, which were cultivated at that time with different vegetables such as alfalfa, barley, courgette, tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflowers, cucumber, onion, and mallow. These detected pesticides were myclobutanil, metribuzin, chlorfenapyr, thiaram, and boscalid. Myclobutanil is a triazolechmical used as a fungicide on a wide range of crops including grapes. Metribuzin is an herbicide widely used as a pre- and post-emergence in crops such as soya bean, potatoes, tomatoes, and sugar cane and has been to contaminate groundwater (Undabeytia et al.2011), due relatively to its high polarity which allows the pesticide residues to move in the soil which might reach the groundwater. Chlorfenapyr is a halogenated pyrrolsacaracide. Recently, the Committee of pesticide registration in Jordan has banned this pesticide due to repetition appearance in analyzed vegetable samples (Al-Antary et al.2018). Thiaram is a fungicide used to prevent fungal diseases in seeds and crops. It is nearly immobile in clay soils or in soils of high organic matter and tends to stick to soil particles (Howard 1989). Boscalid is a carboxamide preventive fungicide of white mold and foliar diseases including early blight on potatoes, peppers, tomatoes and other crops with long-lasting residues (EPA 2008).