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Gene Therapy for Lung Cancer
Published in Kenneth L. Brigham, Gene Therapy for Diseases of the Lung, 2020
Choon Taek Lee, David P. Carbone
In conclusion, molecular oncology and tumor immunology have revealed some of the secrets of cancer, and this knowledge has generated many interesting hypothetical therapeutic approaches, including gene therapeutic ones. The practical contribution of these to clinical oncology is still minimal, however, but we believe that gene therapy may ultimately represent a significant advance, or lead to as yet undiscovered novel approaches to the therapy of this frequently fatal disease.
Biomarker-Based Phase II and III Clinical Trials in Oncology
Published in Susan Halabi, Stefan Michiels, Textbook of Clinical Trials in Oncology, 2019
Shigeyuki Matsui, Masataka Igeta, Kiichiro Toyoizumi
Recent advances in biotechnology, such as genome sequencing, have revolutionized the molecular oncology field and fostered the development of molecularly targeted agents that inhibit specific targeted molecules related to carcinogenesis and tumor growth. More recently, the role of the cancer abbreviations and immunogenic neoantigen generation has increasingly been appreciated, leading to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. At the same time, substantial molecular heterogeneity has been identified within histologically defined cancers. All of these new perspectives on cancer biology are expected to be utilized for the development of personalized or precision medicine. Indeed, the methodologies of clinical trials in oncology are in the midst of an evolution that is accelerating the realization of precision medicine [1].
Radiotherapy and Radiosensitizers
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Christopher D. Scrase, Stewart G. Martin, David A.L. Morgan
As well as modifying the physical parameters of radiotherapy (time and dose through fractionation as well as the modality), other interesting avenues of exploration have involved using various agents to enhance its effects. It is reasonable to refer to all of these as ‘radiosensitizers’, although the scientific purists may argue about the appropriate use of this term. Numerous types of agent have been used, with varying degrees of success. The rapid advances that are currently occurring in molecular oncology have made and continue to make this an area of fruitful exploration.
Laser Capture Proteomics: spatial tissue molecular profiling from the bench to personalized medicine
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Lance A. Liotta, Philip A. Pappalardo, Alan Carpino, Amanda Haymond, Marissa Howard, Virginia Espina, Julie Wulfkuhle, Emanuel Petricoin
Individualized therapy based on multiplex molecular profiling of biopsy tissue and cytology specimens is becoming the guiding principle of modern molecular oncology. Recognition of the limitations of whole-tissue extraction profiling has driven a rapidly expanding field of investigators who are creating technology, software, and analytical tools to explore the tissue cellular spatial interactome. Among the many existing technologies, Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) is a reliable established tool, with many instrument types, and downstream analysis methods, to choose from. LCM is widely used to study the spatial proteomic signatures of individual cell populations within a complex heterogeneous tissue biopsy. The advantage of LCM is that it can sample and extract the molecules within the full thickness of the tissue cells targeted for analysis resulting in high sensitivity and high yield for precise microscopic regions down to a few microns.
Clinical complexity of utilizing FGFR inhibitors in cancer therapeutics
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2020
Sreenivasa R. Chandana, Hani M. Babiker, Daruka Mahadevan
Chow-White et al [100] reported that about 41% of medical oncologists acknowledge that they have little knowledge regarding DNA sequencing technologies (e.g. NGS, WES) used to analyze genetic aberrations that match to a targeted therapy. Only 68% of medical oncologists feel competent in communicating the genomic results to their patients and 58% are confident in making treatment decisions based on genomic testing. Koil et al [101] reported that medical oncologists in urban areas utilize genomic testing more than those in rural areas. There is a clear need for educational opportunities to improve knowledge about genomic testing, interpretation and referring to a center experienced in administering new drugs and enrollment to clinical trials. There is also a need for genomic education at national meetings such as ASCO and participating in molecular oncology tumor boards consisting of medical oncologists, pathologists and genome scientists.
Should next-generation sequencing tests be performed on all cancer patients?
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2019
Andrew J. McKenzie, Holli H. Dilks, Suzanne F. Jones, Howard Burris
Most of the work in the precision medicine and molecular oncology field performed to-date has been in the context of academic medical centers. As the cost of sequencing continues to fall, the adoption of commercial NGS-based testing in the community oncology setting increases, and emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning aid in clinical decision support, more studies will be required to determine the benefit NGS-testing brings to patients, clinical research, and basic science research. Indeed, recent publications from community-based oncology groups suggest that the use of commercially available NGS-based tests have the potential to improve outcomes for patients in non-academic medical center settings [31], and we believe that the utilization of NGS-based tests in the community-oncology setting will become standard of care for patients with metastatic cancer.