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Alcohol and Sedatives
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
Meprobamate, a Schedule IV substance, has many trade names. It has a half life of about 10 h. It is an infrequently abused substance. Overdose is similar to other sedatives. Since portions are excreted unchanged in the urine, overdose is treated with mannitol diuresis.
Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Arup Kumar Misra, Pramod Kumar Sharma
Meprobamate, a bis-carbamate ester, is used as sedative–hypnotic. It has similar pharmacological action to benzodiazepines. It inhibits suppressed behaviors in animals. Meprobamate has unique properties of not producing anesthesia even though it causes depression of CNS (Rudolph and Dauss, 1974). Large doses of meprobamate cause severe depression of respiratory and cardiovascular system. It has the property of potentiating other analgesic drugs and has the mild analgesic therapeutic in musculoskeletal pain (Truter, 1998).
Barbiturates And Minor Tranquilizers
Published in S.J. Mulé, Henry Brill, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drug Dependence, 2019
The most potent compound of the 2-disubstituted 1, 3-propanediol series is meprobamate.26 This agent not only has greater antianxiety properties, but is more effective than the other derivatives in abolishing seizures elicited by penty lene te trazóle, strychnine, and electroshock, as well as causing muscular paralysis.25 Meprobamate, like the benzodiazepines, has minimal effects on the autonomic nervous system.31 However, when the 2-n-propyl group is replaced with a butyl or isobutyl substituent, the resulting compound seems to act like a hypotensive agent.26
Phenprobamate use disorder: a case report
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Harun Olcay Sonkurt, Melis Danisman Sonkurt
Tolerance and dependence of centrally acting muscle relaxants have been reported in the medical literature for nearly 50 years (Elder, 1991). Meprobamate, one of the best-known examples, had been a controlled substance after studies indicating its addictive effects, shortly after its introduction in the 1950 s. Fifty years after its launch, it was withdrawn from the European Union and Canada market, with the statement: “its harms outweigh the benefits.” (Lane et al., 2018). Following the increasing reports of tolerance and dependence about carisoprodol, another frequently used centrally acting muscle relaxant, it has been taken under the controlled substance status by the Food and Drug Administration and withdrawn from the market due to the risk of addiction in several countries (Reeves et al., 2012). Similarly, cases of dependence related to drugs such as cyclobenzaprine, butabarbital, triazolam have been reported (Zawertailo et al., 2003). In addition to these, phenprobamate, which has been reported to be similar to meprobamate in terms of effects, side effects, and toxicity, is not a controlled substance and is frequently used as a centrally acting muscle relaxant (Emet et al., 2009).
Fomepizole to treat disulfiram-ethanol reaction: a case series
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
Azzurra Schicchi, Hélène Besson, Riana Rasamison, Marie-Pierre Berleur, Bruno Mégarbane
Here, DER mainly resulted in neurological and circulatory impairment. Gastrointestinal symptoms, flushing and ECG abnormalities were observed. We do not believe that co-ingestions significantly contributed to some of the clinical findings in the three patients with positive benzodiazepine screening despite the absence of quantification. Benzodiazepines can be responsible for drowsiness and consciousness impairment but less probably for tachycardia, vomiting, flushing and hypotension. Meprobamate, the other co-ingested drug, is able to induce inebriation with dose-dependent hypotension and thus mimic DER. However, the rapid improvement following fomepizole administration clearly supported the DER-related origin of the observed features.
Trends in carisoprodol abuse and misuse after regulatory scheduling: a retrospective review of California poison control calls from 2008 to 2015
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Christie Sun, Kathryn A. Hollenbach, F. L. Cantrell
As the use of skeletal muscle relaxants increased beyond certain guidelines [4], concerns regarding abuse potential increased [5]. Sometimes, it was self-initiated as a substitute for other drugs of abuse, to modify effects from other drugs, or for opioid withdrawal symptoms [6–9], but was recognized to have a distinct effect with its own potential for abuse. While deaths from carisoprodol alone are not common, the rapid rise in the number and severity of carisoprodol intoxications was alarming [10]. Its active metabolite, meprobamate, is already classified as a Schedule IV substance, which likely contributed to the federal scheduling of carisoprodol [11].