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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Menthyl acetate is a colorless clear liquid; its odor type is mentholic and its odor is described as ‘tea-like, slightly cooling, minty and fruity’ (www.thegoodscentscompany.com). In perfumery, menthyl acetate emphasizes floral notes, especially that of rose, used in toilet waters having a lavender odor. It is useful in mint, fruit, berry and caraway flavors (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
Safety Evaluation of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
The formation and members of a congeneric group are chosen based on a combination of structural features and known biochemical fate. Substances with a common carbon skeletal structure and functional groups that participate in common pathways of metabolism are assigned to the same congeneric group. For instance, menthyl acetate hydrolyzes prior to absorption to yield menthol, which is absorbed and is interconvertible with menthone in fluid compartments (e.g., the blood). Menthol is either conjugated with glucuronic acid and excreted in the urine or undergoes further hydroxylation mainly at C8 to yield a diol that is also excreted, either free or conjugated. Despite the fact that menthyl acetate is an ester, menthol is an alcohol, menthone a ketone, and 3,8-menthanediol a diol, they are structurally and metabolically related (Figure 9.1). Therefore, all are members of the same congeneric group.
Toxicological effects of Mentha x piperita (peppermint): a review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Khojasteh Malekmohammad, Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei, Samira Sardari, Robert D. E. Sewell
The chemical constituents of M. x piperita are comprised of monoterpenoids, the main components of its essential oil. These include menthol (29%–48%), menthone (20%–31%), menthofuran (6%–8%), pulegone, menthyl acetate (3%–10%), limonene, pinene and piperitone in addition to caffecic acid, flavonoids such as luteolin and menthoside, polyphenols including rosmaric acid, carotenes, tocopherols, narirutin, eriodictyol, tannins, betaine and choline (Shah and D’Mello 2004, Peixoto et al.2009, Rita and Animesh 2011, Johari et al.2015). An active component of peppermint essential oil that has also been highlighted in many studies as a key ingredient of the plant is menthol but it also contains other constituents such as its biosynthetic precursor pulegone and its metabolites menthone and menthofuran (Figure 1) (Khojasteh-Bakht et al.1999, Nair 2001, SCF 2002, Coteau et al. 2005, Mimica-Dukic and Bozin 2008).
Composition and chemical health hazards of the most common electronic cigarette liquids in nine European countries
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Charis Girvalaki, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Christina N. Kyriakos, Alexander I. Vardavas, Polychronis D. Stivaktakis, Matthaios Kavvalakis, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Constantine Vardavas
In Table 2, hazard statements for the most commonly detected substances are divided according to the Danger GHS and Warning GHS codes. From these 48 substances, 41 (85.4%) were registered with Warning GHS codes, 11 with Danger GHS codes and 9 with both codes. Five substances (10.4%), (Oxime-, methoxy-phenyl, ±.-.alpha.-Methylbenzyl acetate, 1,3-Dioxolane, 2-butyl-4-methyl-, Melonal and l-Menthyl acetate) were not associated with a Danger GHS and Warning GHS code. Danger GHS codes included warnings of reproductive toxicity, organ toxicity from single or repeated exposure, acute oral/dermal/inhalation toxicity, highly flammable in liquid and vapor form, aspiration hazard, and severe skin burns and eye damage. Most compounds contained multiple Warning GHS codes, including but not limited to, skin irritation and sensitization, respiratory irritation, serious eye irritation and narcotic effects.
Gamma irradiation-induced variability in morpho-agronomic and oil quality traits of Mentha piperita L.
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Priyanka Prasad, Vagmi Singh, Nashra Aftab, Akancha Gupta, Ram Kishor, Himanshu Kumar Kushwaha, Vivek Singh, Ram Swaroop Verma, Birendra Kumar
Mentha piperita L., a perennial aromatic herb belonging to the family Laminacae, is widely dispersed in temperate and sub-temperate climatic areas of Europe, Brazil, China, America, and India. The fresh herb on distillation yields an essential oil containing a wide variety of aromatic chemicals, claiming a high demand in the national and international market. Menthol is the principal constituent of the essential oil in peppermint (Court et al. 1993). A globally accepted characteristic components of the US type peppermint oil are menthol (36–46%), menthone (15–25%), isomenthone (2.0–4.5%), 1,8-cineole (4.0–6%), menthofuran (1.5–6%), neo-menthol (2.5–4.5%), menthyl acetate (3.0–6.5%), and pulegone (0.5–2.5%) (ISO 2006; Prasad et al. 2020)