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Marine Natural Products and Chemistry
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Jeyapragash Danaraj, Saravanakumar Ayyappan
Marine-derived fungi correspond to a rich and bioactive source of novel anticancer agents (Newman and Hill, 2006), and most of the biologically potential principle compounds, such as leptossphaerin, leptosphaeroide and leptosphaerodione, were derived from higher fungi (basidomycetes), endophytic fungi, and filamentous fungi (Pallenberg and White, 1986). In addition, acremonin A, and xanthone derivatives isolated from Acremonium spp. and Wardomyces anomalus were found to exhibit an antioxidant potential that controls the symptoms of atherosclerosis, dementia, and cancer (Abdel-Lateff et al., 2002, 2003). Aspergiolide A derived from marine filamentous fungi A. glaucus (Du et al., 2007) and two new alkaloids, meleagrin analogs meleagrin D and D, and two new diketopiperazines, roquefortine H and I (Du et al., 2010), anthracenedione from mangrove endophytic fungi Halorosellnia sp., and Guignardia sp. (Suja et al., 2014) have been found to possess cytotoxic attributes and induce apoptosis in the cancer cells (Figure 1.5).
Promising treatment strategies to combat Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections: an updated review
Published in Biofouling, 2020
P. S. Seethalakshmi, Riya Rajeev, George Seghal Kiran, Joseph Selvin
The extreme nature of the physical and chemical conditions in the marine environment has enabled marine microorganisms to produce structurally, functionally, and biologically diverse compounds of therapeutic potential (Romano et al. 2017). A marine fungus Emericella dentata Nq45 produced meleagrin, a compound with multiple biological properties, including antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus and cytotoxicity against the human cervix carcinoma cell line KB-3-1 (Hamed et al. 2020). Several studies have reported on the ability of marine microorganisms to produce various anti-biofilm compounds that can inhibit biofilm formation or disperse biofilms without bacteriostatic or bactericidal action (Papa et al. 2013). A proteinaceous compound in the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas sp. IV2006, a marine bacterium, inhibited S. aureus biofilms without affecting the viability of the bacterial cells (Doghri et al. 2020). Kamarudheen and Rao (2019) reported a fatty acyl compound in the cell-free supernatant of the marine actinobacterium Streptomyces griseoincarnatus HK12, that inhibited S. aureus biofilms without any bacteriostatic or bactericidal action. Lipopeptides derived from Nesterenkonia sp. MSA31, a sponge-associated actinomycete, showed anti-biofilm activity against multi-drug resistant S. aureus (Kiran, Priyadharsini, et al. 2017). Naphtho-γ-pyrones extracted from the mycelia of the marine fungus, Aspergillus welwitschiae FMPV 28 displayed antivirulence and anti-biofilm activity without affecting the growth of S. aureus. In the in vivo studies carried out on the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella), naphtho-γ-pyrones acted synergistically with the antibiotic vancomycin, and prevented S. aureus infection (Loges et al. 2020). . Molecular and in vivo studies of such compounds should be carried out in the future to validate their anti-biofilm efficacy.