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Medicines in neonates
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Mefenamic acid was studied in 16 preterm infants and compared with 30 historical indomethacin-treated control infants. Its efficacy was comparable to that of indomethacin, as was its induction of feeding intolerance [77–79]. No randomised studies are available.
Uterine Cavity Assessment (Saline Hysterosonography)
Published in Arianna D'Angelo, Nazar N. Amso, Ultrasound in Assisted Reproduction and Early Pregnancy, 2020
The effect of mefenamic acid and hyoscine for pain relief during saline sonohysterography was investigated in a double-blind randomized controlled trial [22]. Patients were randomized to 500 mg mefenamic acid, 10 mg of hyoscine, or placebo taken 30 minutes before the procedure. There was no difference in pain scores in the three arms of the study.
Drugs Affecting the Musculoskeletal System
Published in Radhwan Nidal Al-Zidan, Drugs in Pregnancy, 2020
Risk Summary: It is better to be avoided during the 1st and 3rd Trimesters because the pregnancy experience in humans suggests a risk of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, SABs, and congenital malformations linked to the use of Mefenamic Acid.
Renal ultrastructural alterations induced by various preparations of mefenamic acid
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2020
Qais Bashir Jarrar, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim, Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria, Manraj Singh Cheema, Said Moshawih
Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic properties.1,2 Mefenamic acid use is very common in the clinical practice due to its wide therapeutic applications.2 It is available over the counter and frequently prescribed for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea and musculoskeletal disorders.3,4 The pharmacodynamic properties of MFA are basically attributed to it is ability to block arachidonic acid metabolism through inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity.1 On the other hand, MFA toxicity is ascribed to its ability to produce reactive metabolites that mediate an adverse immunologic reaction in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney.5 In most clinical cases, MFA adverse reactions are found to be idiosyncratic for an underlying genetic etiology.6–8 However, a number of experimental studies showed evidence that MFA administration resulted in direct cellular injury in a dose-dependent manner.9 In addition, the repeated administration of MFA in animals was associated with histological alterations and elevation of biomarkers of renal damage.9,10 The present study was conducted to elucidate the ultrastructural alterations induced by repeated administration of various preparations of MFA.
An update of cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitors in epilepsy disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2019
Mefenamic acid, a selective COX-1 inhibitor could increase convulsions in epileptic patients, even at the therapeutic plasma levels [32]. Electrographic studies (EEG) demonstrate that mefenamic acid led to the excitation while other COX-inhibitors like indomethacin and ibuprofen resulted in sedation [33]. In penicillin-induced focal and primary generalized epilepsy models, mefenamic acid (20 mg/kg) decreased the number of seizures without affecting its latency [34]. Mefenamic acid per se at higher doses is known to produce spikes and seizures [34]. The effect of mefenamic acid in seizures is dose-dependent, with a lower dose (20 mg/kg) producing weakening while the high dose (60 mg/kg) potentiating the excitation caused due to PTZ [35]. Equally, etoricoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor has been speculated to induce seizures in a clinical case study [36]. In the same way, acetaminophen (an anti-inflammatory drug) up to 600 mg/kg, IP dose did not have any significant anticonvulsant in acute maximal electroshock (MES) and PTZ-induced seizure tests. In contrast, the molecule possessed significant anticonvulsant property in both chemical and electroshock kindling models [31].
Emulgel: an effective drug delivery system
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Maria Talat, Muhammad Zaman, Rahima Khan, Muhammad Jamshaid, Muneeba Akhtar, Agha Zeeeshan Mirza
There are many examples of emulgels that are being used pharmaceutically, such as Diclofenac emulgel and Mefenamic acid emulgel, etc. Diclofenac is a well-established NSAID that is being used widely in painful and inflammatory conditions [26]. Many of its topical preparations include iso-propyl alcohol to increase solubility [27]. Its prolonged usage can cause eczema and sensitivity [28]. To avoid this, diclofenac emulgels are prepared without isopropyl alcohol [29]. On the other hand, Mefenamic acid is conventionally available and is being used in the form of tablets and suspensions [5]. It is also prepared in the form of emulgel. It is formed by using Carbopol 940 and penetration enhancer Clove oil and Mentha oil [30].