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COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Roheena Abdullah, Ayesha Toor, Hina Qaiser, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Dou Deqiang
Physovenine, luteolin, quercetin, beta-setosterol, wogonin, kaempferol, bbicuculline, acacetin, stgmasterol, isorhamnetin, medicarpin, formononetin, and 7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone are active compounds found in shufeng jiedu capsules [29, 30]. Shufeng jiedu possesses inhibitory activity against the cellular mechanism of NF-kB and MAPK, down regulates expression of NF-kB mRNA and inhibit inflammatory cytokines. Reduction in levels of lactic acid produces the inhibitory effect on signaling pathways and the increase in partial pressure in lungs tissue alleviates symptoms related to lungs infection by prompt absorption of lung inflammation. For treatment of mild cases of Corona NHC guidelines recommend the use of Shufeng jiedu capsules under clinical observation [21].
Chemistry and Pharmacology of Naturally Occurring Flavoalkaloids
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Rashmi Gaur, Jyoti Gaur, Nikhilesh Kumar
In both the tonkinensines, the alkaloid part is derived from a cytosine unit. The absolute configuration of compounds 105 and 106 was established with the help of X-ray crystallography, CD spectra and their biogenetic origin. When tested against human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines, only (-)-tonkinensine B (106) showed moderate activity (IC50 of 24.3 µM against HeLa and 48.9 µM against MDA-MB-231) (Li et al., 2008a). Dejon et al. (2013) isolated a racemate compound, (-)-11-Azamedicarpin (107), from the roots of Robinia pseudoacacia, Linn., commonly known as the black locust tree, and is an aza-analog of the pterocarpan medicarpin (Dejon et al., 2013). Compound 107 showed modest activity against human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) (cell survival of 72% at 40 µM and 27% survival at 200 µM). Oxidation of 107 to its corresponding indole improved cytotoxicity, and the total synthesis of this compound was performed by Dejon and co-workers (2013).
Total Synthesis of Some Important Natural Products from Brazilian Flora
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Leonardo da Silva Neto, Breno Germano de Freitas Oliveira, Wellington Alves de Barros, Rosemeire Brondi Alves, Adão Aparecido Sabino, Ângelo de Fátima
In 2017, Yang et al. presented an interesting example of an asymmetric synthesis for the pterocarpan (+)-medicarpin (16; Figure 12.6), a type of isoflavonoid; the synthesis was performed in 12 steps with a 9% overall yield. (+)-Medicarpin 16 has already been isolated from several species of plants, among them some of Brazilian occurrence, and can be found in the petroleum extract of the roots of Muellera montana (Fabaceae; basionym: Lonchocarpus montanus; cabelouro, or carrancudo) (Magalhães et al., 2007; Santos, Braga, et al., 2009), in the benzene extract of the core of Dalbergia decipularis (Fabaceae; Sebastião-de-arruda) (de Alencar et al., 1972), and found in the Brazilian red propolis (Li et al., 2008). The strategy presented by Yang et al. for the asymmetric synthesis of 16 made use of a chiral oxazolidone auxiliary group to construct the two chiral centers in one step; reacting 17 with (R)-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone using n-butyllithium as a base gave 18 in good yield, which was then converted to 20via an Evans asymmetric aldol addition with the aldehyde 19.
Brazilian red propolis reduces orange-complex periodontopathogens growing in multispecies biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Stela Lima Farias Miranda, Jennifer Toledo Damasceno, Marcelo Faveri, Luciene Figueiredo, Helio Doyle da Silva, Severino Matias de Alencar Alencar, Pedro Luiz Rosalen, Magda Feres, Bruno Bueno-Silva
Another possible therapeutic approach is to identify and isolate the bioactive compounds present in BRP extract, as previously reported (Bueno-Silva, Alencar, et al. 2013). It is reported in the literature that medicarpin, neovestitol and vestitol may be the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial properties of BRP extract (Inui et al. 2014; Bueno-Silva, Marsola, et al. 2017). Indeed, a natural combination of neovestitol/vestitol disrupted cariogenic S. mutans biofilms (Bueno-Silva, Koo, et al. 2013) and these bioactive molecules was responsible for the anticaries effects of BRP. Vestitol has already been found in Nigerian and Cuban propolis (Campo Fernandez et al. 2008; Omar et al. 2016), whereas neovestitol has been found only in the red type (Bueno-Silva, Rosalen, et al. 2017). Future studies should carry out a bioguided fractionation of BRP extract to test whether neovestitol and vestitol might also be implicated in the antimicrobial effects of BRP extract against periodontopathogens. Determination of dosage, antimicrobial mechanism(s) of action (as described for Brazilian green propolis, as previously mentioned) and distinct therapeutic protocols (systemic vs. local) remain to be examined.
Antiproliferative Effect of Vine Stem Extract from Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn on Rat C6 Glioma Cells Through Regulation of ROS, Mitochondrial Depolarization, and P21 Protein Expression
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Hyungkuen Kim, Sun Shin Yi, Hak-Kyo Lee, Tae-Hwe Heo, Sang-Kyu Park, Hyun Sik Jun, Ki Duk Song, Sung-Jo Kim
There are approximately 450,000 species of plants on earth, and within this botanical diversity, a number of natural anticancer compounds have been identified (19–22). Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SS) has been used as a Chinese traditional herbal medicine. Various studies conducted on SS have shown that it has antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, can increase hematopoietic cell growth, possesses anti-hepatitis C virus activity, and can protect brain tissue from cerebral ischemia (23–27). In addition, it has been reported to have other effects such as cell cycle arrest and anticancer effects in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, human HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, human A549 lung cancer cells, and mouse LL/2 lung carcinoma cells (28–31). Furthermore, research into the ingredients and effects of SS have revealed the presence of various flavonoids including maackiain, medicarpin, (2S)-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-flavanone, sativan, pseudobaptigenin, daidzein, calycosin, 1,3,5-benzenetriol, β-sitosterol, genistein, naringenin, liquiritigenin, dulcisflavan, and suberectin (32–34). However, the molecular mechanism of action and effects of SS in glioma have not yet been described.
Multifunctional micelle delivery system for overcoming multidrug resistance of doxorubicin
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2018
Li Qin, Lei Wu, Shanshan Jiang, Dandan Yang, Huiyang He, Fang Zhang, Peng Zhang
Apoptosis plays an important role in the removal of abnormal cells, and chemotherapeutic agents can increase tumour cells death via apoptosis. Bcl-2 protein families are main apoptosis proteins, which include pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins and BH3 only proteins [10]. Bcl-2 family has four Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains. For anti-apoptotic proteins, there contains BH1–4, while pro-apoptotic proteins only have BH1–3 domains. And BH3 only proteins combine with pro-apoptotic proteins to induce apoptosis by acting on mitochondrial membrane and the release of cytochrome c [11]. When they bind with Bcl-2, apoptosis will be inhibited. Coordination of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins is vital for tissue homeostasis [12]. While the unbalance of the ratio of two types of proteins influences the apoptosis of cells. The higher level of anti-apoptotic proteins makes tumour cells resistant to cell death. Accordingly, activation of apoptosis also contributes to impede MDR. Bisi et al. [9] used medicarpin and millepurpan of two flavonoids to induce apoptosis of P388 leukaemia cells to overcome MDR. Results showed that medicarpin and millepurpan increased the ratio of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. The increase of ratio of proteins resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and permeabilisation and then led to cell death, which overcomes MDR.