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Substance Abuse during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Illegally produced LSD may contain lysergic acid with no amination, and can cause peripheral neuropathy, gangrene, and necrosis, resembling toxic shock syndrome. Toxic human exposures to lysergic acid are rare. Peripheral neuropathy, gangrene, and necrosis were observed among cattle and sheep that consumed wheat grain infected with the fungus Claviceps pupurea, which produces lysergic acid. LSD produced illegally has no quality control or routine assurance measures are taken to assure LSD purity, as is the case with most illegal drugs,
Stimulants and psychedelics
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic hallucinogen that has been the subject of research into possible therapeutic effects for a range of mental health issues. Little research has been undertaken since the 1970s and, currently, the major use is for illicit recreational purposes. Recent interest in the possibility of investigating its use for therapeutic purposes has led to a number of calls for its legal status to be revised (Rucker, 2015; Brenner, 2016).
Electrophysiology of Drugs of Dependence
Published in S.J. Mulé, Henry Brill, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drug Dependence, 2019
Lysergide is a drug of slow onset, even on intravenous administration, and is thus distinguishable from other drugs of dependence. However, cocaine, dextroamphetamine, and meth-amphetamine are rapid in onset and I would anticipate the development of a diphasic EEG response on their intravenous administration.
Hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder: a scoping review covering frequency, risk factors, prevention, and treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Marcus A. Doyle, Susan Ling, Leanna M.W. Lui, Paul Fragnelli, Kayla M. Teopiz, Roger Ho, Joshua D. Di Vincenzo, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Emily S. Gillissie, Danica Nogo, Felicia Ceban, Muhammad Youshay Jawad, Roger S. McIntyre
Currently, there are no recognized risk factors for HPPD. However, a number of factors have been associated with the development of HPPD. Evidence reporting on an association between the number of doses of a hallucinogen taken and the development of HPPD is mixed. One excluded observational study using a self-report style survey found the level of exposure to certain hallucinogens (i.e. LSD, lysergic acid amide, 2C-E, dextromethorphan, N,N-dipropyltryptamine) was a significant predictor of the frequency of HPPD symptoms [6]. Interestingly, excluded studies (i.e. conducted before the establishment of the phrase HPPD in the DSM) found no association between the number of reported ‘trips’ and HPPD onset [47]. Several cases of HPPD have been reported to occur after only one occasion of hallucinogen usage [8], while individuals in an excluded study have reported using LSD in the range of 20–100 times without developing any symptoms [47]. Results from the foregoing studies have led to the hypothesis that genetic factors may predispose individuals toward developing HPPD [22].
Psychedelic Knowledge and Opinions in Psychiatrists at Two Professional Conferences: An Exploratory Survey
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2022
Brian S. Barnett, Yvan Beaussant, Franklin King, Rick Doblin
Following decades of slow progress secondary to stigma, regulatory barriers, and limited research funding, medicinal psychedelic research has begun accelerating in recent years (Reiff et al. 2020). Psilocybin has shown promise in treating anxiety and depression (Agin-Liebes et al. 2020; Carhart-Harris et al. 2021), and Phase 2 trials are currently investigating its treatment potential for both major depressive disorder (Business Wire 2019) and treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (Compass Pathways 2018). Recent results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy revealed that it is an efficacious, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Mitchell et al. 2021). With another successful Phase 3 study, MDMA could receive regulatory approval in the United States (U.S.) as early as 2023. Though not yet as intensively investigated, ayahuasca, ibogaine, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), have also shown treatment potential for substance use and psychiatric disorders (Begola and Schillerstrom 2019; Vollenweider and Kometer 2010).
Lysergic acid diethylamide causes mouse retinal damage by up-regulating p-JAK1/p-STAT1
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Kang Chen, Xiangyu He, Chen Li, Yangjin Ou, Yiru Li, Jia Lai, Meng Lv, Xuqing Li, Ping Ran, Ying Li
Classic hallucinogens, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dimethyltryptamine and psilocybin, produce their psychotropic effects by acting on serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT2A) receptors1,2. These serotonergic hallucinogens are used for recreational, personal/spiritual and therapeutic purposes3. LSD has emerged as a highly addictive hallucinogenic drug with special appeal for adolescents and young adults. Administration of LSD induces profound changes in various mental domains, including perception, self-awareness and emotions4,5. Visual changes are amongst the more common effects with persistent palinopsia and photophobia in human6–8 and decreased responsiveness to visual stimuli in animals9,10 after LSD administration, but its underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated, specifically on photoreceptor cells.