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Metabolism of Terpenoids in Animal Models and Humans
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Longifolene is primarily found in Indian turpentine oil, which is commercially extracted from Pinus roxburghii (chir pine) (Bornscheuer et al., 2014). In rabbits, longifolene is metabolized as follows: attack on the exo-methylene group from the endo-face to form its epoxide followed by isomerization of the epoxide to a stable endo-aldehyde. Then, rapid CYP-catalyzed hydroxylation of this endo-aldehyde occurs (Asakawa et al., 1986) (Figure 10.30).
Biologically Active Substances From Bryophytes
Published in R. N. Chopra, Satish C. Bhatla, Bryophyte Development: Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
It is known that higher plants sometimes do not grow in places where some bryophytes occur. We suggested that some liverworts elaborate allelopathic compounds.98 In fact, most crude extracts of bryophytes show inhibitory activity against germination, root elongation, and second coleoptile growth of rice in husk, wheat, lettuce, and radish. The pungent or nonpungent sesquiterpene lactones, pungent sesqui- and diterpenoids, and 2,3-secoaroma-dendrane-type sesquiterpene hemiacetals exhibited plant growth inhibitory activity (25 to 500 ppm) against rice in husk, as shown in Table 16.9,12 Polygodial (21) completely inhibited the germination of rice in husk at 100 ppm. At a concentration of <25 ppm it dramatically promoted root elongation of rice.99 Epoxyfrullanolide (126), derived from (+ )-frullanolide (41) isolated from Frullania dilatata, inhibited the germination of rice in husk ten times better than the original lactone.12 Huneck and Schreiber100 reported several plant growth regulatory active substances of the liverworts, as shown in Table 17. Longiborneol (2), gymnocolin (33), lunularic acid (107), drimenol (128), and 16-a-kaurenol (129) inhibited root elongation of cress. In contrast, longiborneol (2), gymnocolin (33), scapanin (37), and drimenol (128) promoted germination of wheat seeds at lower concentrations. Longifolene (1) promoted the growth of the coleoptile of wheat. Gorham101 reported that lunularic acid (107) inhibited Marchantia gemmalings at 5 x 10-9 to 10-7 mol per gemmaling and 20% of the cress root growth at a concentration of 10-3 mol. Benesova and Herout102 found that an antifeedant sesquiterpene ketone (123) showed intense inhibitory activity against growth of the wheat coleoptile. Arai et al.103 reported that the coleoptile of wheat elongated in response to 0.3 to 0.03 ppm auxin was inhibited by lunularic acid (107) at a concentration of 10 to 30 ppm. Ando and Matsuo3 focused on the plant growth inhibitory active substances of Plagiochila and Lepidozia species and found that five 2,3-secoaromadendrane-type ses-quiterpenoids (30, 115, 130 to 132) and three new sesquiterpenoids [vitrenal (133), lepi-dozenal (134), and isobicyclogermacrenal (135)] inhibited the growth of rice seedlings (Table 18; Figure 11).
Utilization of a nanostructured lipid carrier encapsulating pitavastatin–Pinus densiflora oil for enhancing cytotoxicity against the gingival carcinoma HGF-1 cell line
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Raed I. Felimban, Hossam H. Tayeb, Adeel G Chaudhary, Majed A. Felemban, Fuad H. Alnadwi, Sarah A. Ali, Jazia A. Alblowi, Eman ALfayez, Deena Bukhary, Mohammed Alissa, Safa H. Qahl
The leaf of Pinus densiflora, which is a pine tree originally found in Asian mountains, has been extensively employed as a traditional medicine (Kim & Chung, 2000). The essential oil obtained from the plant’s leaves was reported to have good anti-inflammatory effects. They were attributed to its longifolene content, which was found to decrease levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 and β-hexosaminidase during treatment of inflammatory-induced RBL-2H3 cells line of leukemia and their anti-inflammatory effect was found to be reasonable compared to that of dexamethasone, which is a potent anti-inflammatory steroidal drug (Yang et al., 2021). A group of investigators showed that P. densiflora essential oil had strong antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions on YD-8 cells and that such actions were mainly due to its reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of caspases and Bcl-2 downregulation. It was strongly proposed that the essential oil extracted from the P. densiflora leaf had considerable anticancer activity against human OSCC (Jo et al., 2012).
Effects of garden cress, fenugreek and black seed on the pharmacodynamics of metoprolol: an herb-drug interaction study in rats with hypertension
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Yousef A. Bin Jardan, Abdul Ahad, Mohammad Raish, Mohd Aftab Alam, Abdullah M. Al-Mohizea, Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi
BS [Nigella sativa Linn (Ranunculaceae)] is an annual herb with enormous therapeutic potential (Kooti et al. 2016). The beneficial potential of this plant is primarily attributed to the free radical scavenging properties of some of its active components (Darakhshan et al. 2015; Gholamnezhad et al. 2016). BS seed oils comprise two active components, thymoquinone and dihydrothymoquinone, which demonstrated strong antioxidant potential (Darakhshan et al. 2015; Butt et al. 2019). Other active constituents have been found in BS are 4-terpineol, α-pinene, carvacrol, limonene, longifolene, p-cymene, t-anethole benzene and thymol (Kooti et al. 2016; Ijaz et al. 2017; Tavakkoli et al. 2017). The actual mechanism by which BS decreases the blood pressure is unclear. The many active compounds in BS may be responsible for its antihypertensive effects, each with its own mechanism of action. The antioxidant, diuretic, calcium channel blocking property and cardiac depressant effect are potential mechanisms they may help to lower blood pressure (Dehkordi and Kamkhah 2008; Jaarin et al. 2015; Rizka et al. 2017). BS has great pharmacological potency in managing various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension (Jaarin et al. 2015; Rizka et al. 2017; Enayatfard et al. 2018; Xiao et al. 2018; Hamdan et al. 2019). In addition, it demonstrated chemo-protective, gastro-protective, and immune-protective activities (Amin and Hosseinzadeh 2016; Ijaz et al. 2017; Majdalawieh et al. 2017; Mollazadeh et al. 2017).
Effects of resistance training and nigella sativa on type 2 diabetes: implications for metabolic markers, low-grade inflammation and liver enzyme production
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Soheila Jangjo-Borazjani, Maryam Dastgheib, Efat Kiyamarsi, Roghayeh Jamshidi, Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad, Masoumeh Helalizadeh, Roya Iraji, Stephen M Cornish, Shiva Mohammadi-Darestani, Zohreh Khojasteh, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani
Nigella sativa is an annual flowering plant from the Ranunculaceae family, native to southwest Asia. This herb is source of thymoquinone (TQ), thymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone, p-cymene, carvacrol, 4-terpineol, t-anethol, sesquiterpene longifolene, nigellicimine and nigellicimine- N-oxide, α-pinene, and thymol (Ahmad et al.2013, Sahak et al.2016). Due to the presence of the chemical compounds, Nigella sativa has been used in some diseases including T2D where it was shown to significantly reduce the elevated blood glucose levels in a rat model of diabetes (Salama 2011). Furthermore, Abdelmeguid et al (2010) has shown that Nigella sativa reduced the blood glucose and increased malondialdehyde and insulin levels in patients with T2D (Abdelmeguid et al.2010).