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Introduction
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
There is a difference between supplementation and adjuvant treatment. It is assumed that the individual who wants to supplement is looking to harvest the health benefits of a given supplement, whereas in adjuvant treatment, there is a medical prescription treatment plan in place. As noted earlier, supplements may interact with prescription meds, possibly with adverse consequences. That said, supplementation of flax-seed and flaxseed oil is popular. Here is a market review report from Grand View Research, San Francisco, CA 94105: The global flaxseeds market size was valued at USD 423.3 million in 2018 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 12.7% over the forecast period. Growing awareness related to the health benefits of linseed is the main factor anticipated to drive the market over the forecast period. (29) Should one buy organic or nonorganic flaxseeds? According to the Flax Council of Canada, all flax that is “clean and that comes from a reputable supplier” is considered to be safe for consumption.
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Flaxseed or linseed is seed of a flax plant or Lin plant of the genus Linus in the family Linaceae. Flaxseed is a rich source of fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, particularly alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor of active eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (, 155). It also contains linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid), oleic acid (an omega-9 fatty acid), proteins, manganese, magnesium, and vitamin B1 in moderate levels. In addition, linseeds contain different polyphenol antioxidants, especially lignan, a type of phytoestrogen, which may help relieve menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. These compounds provide health benefits to humans through their anti-inflammatory action, antioxidative capacity, and lipid modulating properties (155). However, the conversion of ALA into EPA and DHA is limited in the biological media, especially in seniors. Therefore, high consumption of flaxseed is not beneficial for the health of elderly people. The presence of phytoestrogens with adverse health effects and toxic compounds in flaxseed cannot be neglected (155). Flaxseed oil does not contain fibers. So, the health benefits related to flaxseed depend on the type of product. The effects of flaxseeds in the reduction of cholesterol levels and cardiovascular diseases are still controversial, mostly in the elderly.
Fats, Fatty Acids, and Lipids
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Other studies also found various degrees of clinical benefits after fish oil supplementation to patients with RA,429,432,433 Thus, a consensus of research strongly indicates that supplementation with large doses of EPA + DHA (as fish oil or ethyl esters) possesses some benefits as adjuncts for RA therapy (see Table 6). Results are slow to appear, but suggest a reduction of inflammatory processes and their symptoms, rather than a disease-modifying activity. Possibly, fish oils may offer an alternative to patients with gastric intolerance to standard NSAIDs, since almost no toxicity was found in n3 fatty acid-supplemented groups. Some areas of future research to make application of fish oils more practical include a low fat diet without NSAIDs, since mixed diets or diets high in PUFAs (which were used in all studies) have considerable linoleate and arachidonate contents, which suppress n3 fatty acid conversions to eicosanoids. Likewise, NSAIDs reduce eicosanoid synthesis as their major mechanism of action. The use of flaxseed (linseed) oil, which is almost 50% α-linolenate (the dietary precursor for EPA and DHA), as a source of n3 fatty acids has not been studied in human inflammatory conditions.
Flaxseed lignans alleviates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating myocardial remodeling and oxidative stress
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
Sanaa H. Elsayed, Nagui H. Fares, Samar H. Elsharkawy, Yomna I. Mahmoud
Flaxseed, also known as linseed, is the seed from the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum), which is a member of the Linaceae family. It is cultivated in many parts of the world for fiber and oil and was valued in Ancient and Early Modern times as both a food and medicine.5 Flaxseed is one of the richest sources of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and peptides, lipids, carbohydrates, lignans, and fibers.6 Lignans are low molecular weight polyphenols present in high concentrations in flaxseeds.7 Flaxseed lignans show significant protective effect in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, due to its anti-inflammatory,6,8 antioxidant,9,10 anti-fibrotic,11 antihypertensive,12 and anti-atherosclerotic13 activities. Accordingly, this study investigates the therapeutic effect of flaxseed lignans against cardiac hypertrophy.
Fatty acid metabolism in the host and commensal bacteria for the control of intestinal immune responses and diseases
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Koji Hosomi, Hiroshi Kiyono, Jun Kunisawa
Because, as mentioned earlier, ω3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties, we next examined the effects of dietary fatty acids in linseed and soybean oil on food allergy in mice. Mice fed linseed oil showed a significantly lower rate of onset of allergic diarrhea compared with those fed soybean oil32 (Figure 2). Consistently, mast cell degranulation was inhibited in mice fed linseed oil.32 Thus, ω3 fatty acids ingested from dietary linseed oil accumulate in intestinal tissues and can prevent diseases through functional regulation of immune cells. Host immunity is associated with not only immune diseases such as inflammation and allergy but also lifestyle-related diseases including hypertension and biological functions of brain and liver. Therefore, a wide variety of physiological functions and diseases likely can be controlled by dietary ω3 fatty acids, and further research is needed.
Protective Effect of Tunisian Flaxseed Oil against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Anouar Abidi, Nadia Kourda, Moncef Feki, Saloua Ben Khamsa
Linum usitatissimum L. is an herb belonging to the Linaceae family, popularly known as flaxseed or linseed, which is relative to Europe, Asia, and Mediterranean region (10). The seeds of flax are used as a source material for the production of oil and meal, which is rich in fiber, protein, and fat (11). Its oil is arguably one of the richest in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and essential fatty acids (EFAs), with 56.6% linolenic acid [w-3 (C18: 3cis9,12,15)] and 13.2% linoleic acid [w-6 (C18: 2cis 9,12)], in addition to 17.8% monounsatured fatty acids (MUFAs) oleic acid [w-9 (C18: 1cis 9)] (12,13).