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Moldova
Published in Ebby Elahi, World Compendium of Healthcare Facilities and Nonprofit Organizations, 2021
The Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. With Chisinau as its largest city and capital, the country is bordered by Romania to the west, and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. Predominantly influenced by the Eastern Orthodox Catholic Church, the Republic of Moldova has a proportionately older population of 3.3 million people, comprising ethnic groups such as Moldovan/ Romanian, Ukrainian, Russian, Gagauz, and Bulgarian. The official language is Moldovan/Romanian, which also serves as the native language of about 82 percent of the population. Available natural resources include lignite, phosphorite, gypsum, limestone, and arable land.
Topical Therapies for Psoriasis
Published in Siba P. Raychaudhuri, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi, Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, 2017
Various tar preparations are well established in medicine: wood tars have been used since ancient times and coal tar for about a hundred years [34,35]. Based on their anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and antiproliferative activity, as well as antibacterial and antifungal activity, the major indications are chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Apart from psoriasis, these mainly are seborrheic dermatitis and atopic eczema [36]. Coal tar may be used as crude tar or more commonly as liquor carbonis detergens (LCD) [37]. This is a dark black, sticky liquid that is used in shampoos and ointments in concentrations up to 20%. It contains around 10,000 chemical compounds, only half of which have been identified so far and comprise polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and heterocyclic compounds [38]. It can be prepared from brown coal (lignite tar), bitumen (bituminous tar), and anthracite as the most metamorphosed type of coal (anthracite tar). Coal tar is mentioned among the most effective and safe medicines in the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines. Coal tar products are mainly sold over the counter [39,40], but they may also be used as compounded preparations (0.5%–20%) in ointment bases like petrolatum and other formulations [41]. Wood, mainly pine tars, has historically also been used for the above-mentioned purposes; nowadays, however, it is mainly sold over the counter in various formulations.
Correlations between pore textures of activated carbons and Langmuir constants – case studies on methylene blue and congo red adsorption
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Fadina Amran, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
Methods for dye removal can be categorized as chemical, biological, and physical. The most preferable treatment method for dye wastewater is adsorption because of simple design, low initial cost, ease of operation and high separation efficiency even at low concentration (Yagub et al.2014, Afroze and Sen 2018, Katheresan et al.2018). Activated carbons is widely used in adsorption process. The physicochemical properties such as surface area, pore size distribution and surface functional groups encourage the adsorptive performance. Any organic materials rich of carbon content such as wood, peat, lignite, and coal are suitable for activated carbon manufacture. As the price of commercial activated carbon is continually increased, the quest for activated carbon from natural resources, and agricultural and industrial residues has become a subject of burgeoning interest. The feedstocks, such as rice husk (Fu et al.2019, Shen et al.2019, Shen and Zhang 2019), mangosteen shell (Zhang et al.2019), palm shells (Hao and Xianlun 2013, Adinata et al.2007), kenaf stem (Baek et al.2019) and olive stones (Rosas et al.2019) are inexpensive and abundantly available, making the production of activated carbon cost-competitive.
Using categorical data analyses in determination of dust-related occupational diseases in mining
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Mustafa Onder, Burcu Demir Iroz, Seyhan Onder
This study was carried out in the open-pit lignite mine in Bolu Goynuk Himmetoglu Village of Turkish Coal Enterprises. There are 100 employees in different positions in the mine. While the excavating and loading are conducted with excavators, trucks are used for transportation. Within the occupational health and safety law in Turkey, according to the Dust Control Regulation [7], the determination of dust exposure levels of all employees is a legal requirement. Therefore, within the scope of the study, the personal dust exposure levels of all employees in the workplace have been determined. The enterprise management and employees were approved to take measurements. Within the scope of the study, the obtained data were categorized and evaluated. A general view of the mine is shown in Figure 1.
Is there a role for charcoal in palliative diarrhea management?
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2018
Helen Senderovich, Megan J. Vierhout
The main precursors of diarrhea include drugs and bacterial infection. Activated charcoal (AC) acts to prevent system absorption of these adverse entities, adsorbing them on the surface of its particles2. Drugs and bacteria adhere to AC, instead of traveling into the intestinal tract. AC functions to ameliorate diarrhea by attacking its primary causes. Activated charcoal particles are optimally structured and possess large pores, making this compound an exceptional adsorbent11. It is prepared from one of numerous carbon-containing materials, including wood pulp, coal, lignite, and rye starch. It is then broken down into fine granules, giving it a large surface area, which contributes to its adsorbent properties12.