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COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Roheena Abdullah, Ayesha Toor, Hina Qaiser, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Dou Deqiang
Lianhua qingwen reduces IL-6, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL-10/IP-10 and TNF-α that act as proinflammatory cytokines and In vitro analysis has shown its ability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells affecting virus on morphological level and increased cure rate in COVID-19 patients [21]. Lianhua qingwen capsules plays protective role by blocking early stages of viral infection (0–2 hours) and regulate immune response by reducing IL-6, IL-8 gene expression, TNF-α levels, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activation, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10) [27]. Lianhua qingwen therapeutic effect increases significantly by combining it with drugs like azithromycin injection, potassium dehydroandograpolide succinate injection and tanreqing injection while treating influenza H1N1 patients. Moreover, ribavirin, and vitamin C are also used in combination with Lianhua Qingwen to combat viral upper respiratory infections. So, Lianhua qingwen alleviates clinical symptoms of patients suffering from COVID-19 and also attenuate SARS-CoV-2 virus [19]. Usually, four capsules of Lianhua qingwen are prescribed three times a day for 14 days duration to patients [24]. Documented adverse drug reaction (ADR) relevant to Lianhua qingwen capsules included incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) reactions including diarrhea, GI discomfort, and abdominal distention; skin and its accessory injuries; itching and rash. The complex composition of Lianhua qingwen capsules stand for multiple targets and pleiotropic effects but it may also lead to adverse Ning of Acute respiratory distress syndrome [27, 28].
Recent advances towards natural plants as potential inhibitors of SARS-Cov-2 targets
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Zhouman He, Jia Yuan, Yuanwen Zhang, Runfeng Li, Meilan Mo, Yutao Wang, Huihui Ti
Lianhua Qingwen capsule (LHQWC) has broad-spectrum antiviral and immunoregulatory effects and contains 13 herbs, including Forsythia suspensa, Lonicera japonica, and other herbs (Table 1) (Ding et al. 2017). The active compounds of LHQWC have good binding affinity for 3CLpro on the surface of the virus, hACE2 receptors as well as Akt1 (a core target associated with immune cell modulation) through network pharmacology (Appelberg et al. 2020). LHQWC significantly inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CCL-2/MCP-1, and CXCL-10/IP-10 induced by H1N1 in vitro (Ding et al. 2017). Therefore, LHQWC may have the potential to inhibit the cytokine storm. Despite the potential mechanisms and targets of LHQWC in COVID-19 that have been investigated, the in-depth mechanism of these active compounds still requires further elucidation.
Folic acid: a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yu-meng Chen, Jin-lai Wei, Rui-si Qin, Jin-ping Hou, Guang-chao Zang, Guang-yuan Zhang, Ting-ting Chen
Relevant Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations were originally developed for early viral diseases and have been used in the COVID-19 treatment (Akalin et al. 2020). TCM has been extensively used to control the epidemic in China (Girija and Sivan 2022). Shufeng Jiedu and Lianhua Qingwen capsules have positive clinical effects on COVID-19 patients (Liu et al. 2020). Further studies focussing on TCM may lead to the identification of novel antiviral compounds for treating SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging viral diseases (Akalin et al. 2020; National Health Commission 2020). Antiviral medicines such as teicoplanin, arbidol, and chloroquine and its derivatives target mainly the host protease or other cellular proteins, whereas lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, and ribavirin target viral proteins; niclosamide targets both categories (Li et al. 2020). The combination of TCM and conventional Western medicine (CWM) can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and prevent the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous studies have only analysed the therapeutic mechanism of CWM or TCM individually in COVID-19. Therefore, this study integrated these two modes of treatment to explore their generality and characteristics. Based on the ‘disease-target-compound-drug’ concept, network pharmacology systematically analyzes the mechanism of drug action and interaction from multiple levels and angles (Iorio et al. 2010; Jia et al. 2016).
Establishment of an anti-inflammation-based bioassay for the quality control of the 13-component TCM formula (Lianhua Qingwen)
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Shuaishuai Chen, Xiaojuan Yang, Ziying Wei, Yanru Zhang, Ying Huang, Zhuo Shi, Ziteng Zhang, Jiabo Wang, Haizhu Zhang, Jianli Ma, Xiaohe Xiao, Ming Niu
In recent years, complex TCM preparations reveal advantages in the treatment of emerging communicable viral infections. For example, Maxingshigan-Yinqiaosan demonstrated good efficacy in the treatment of HINI virus infection at a multi-center, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (Wang et al. 2011). Lianhua Qingwen capsule (LHQW) is another good example, illustrating potent effectiveness in viral respiratory infections, including influenza and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In clinical observational studies and RCT trials for influenza, LHQW manifested beneficial effects both in alleviating patients' upper respiratory tract infection symptoms (fever, exertion, and cough) and in suppressing inflammatory cytokines (Duan et al. 2011; Hu et al. 2020). This efficacy may be explained by its ability to inhibit virus replication, as well as to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6) (Ding et al. 2017; Li et al. 2020).