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Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Lanolin or wool wax or wool grease. Lanolin is a wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals (sheep, lamas, camels, goats, yaks). Lanolin is mostly used in pharmacy and the wool industry (118). Wool wax mainly consists of long chain sterol esters. It is waterproof and aids wool-bearing animals in shedding water from their coats. In humans, lanolin is used to make the skin smooth and shiny. As wool grease is rich in sterols, it is often the raw material for producing cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) by UV irradiation.
The late Middle Ages
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Lanolin (from the Latin lana, wool and oleum, oil) was also used extensively as a base for ointments. John of Arderne mentioned lanolin in his De Arte Phisicali et de Cirurgia. Sir D’Arcy Power quoted a crude method of obtaining lanolin from Arderne’s ‘Treatises on Fistula’: ‘Lana succida [is] wolle that groweth atwixt the legges of an ewe, about the udder, full of sweat, not washed’ (1922 p. 9). Lanolin was known as ‘oesypum’ in Hippocratic medicine and was defined as the sordes (dirty sweat) of unwashed wool. Dioscorides described how it was prepared by collecting the scum from the surface of water. He advised the use of lanolin (wool fat or oil) for treatment of vulval ulcers and as an emmenagogue and oxytocic (Gunther, 1959 pp. 112–3). Lanolin is still obtained from sheep wool and contains a mixture of oleate, palmitate and stearate of cholesterol.
Emollient Esters and Oils
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
John Carson, Kevin F. Gallagher
Lanolin can be described as the purified form of wool wax, or wool grease. This is a naturally occurring lipid present in the fleece of sheep and typically obtained during the "scouring" of the wool to clean it prior to further processing. This lipid consists of a complex mixture of esters whose acid and alcohol fractions have been described in the previous figure and tables.
Chitosan self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles for percutaneous delivery of betamethasone in contact dermatitis
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Ivanna Hudan-Tsilo, Oleksandr Tokarskyy, Oksana Shevchuk, Mykhaylo Korda
Fifty white male Wistar rats (ca. 180–220 g each, same age) were used for the experiments. The animals were kept in cages under standard conditions (20–25 °C, 40–45% air relative humidity) with free access to compound feed and water. Experimental procedures with animals were performed according to the ‘European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes’ (Strasbourg, France, Council of Europe, 18 March 1986) and were approved by the local institutional ethical committee (TNMU Bioethical Committee Protocol 46 from 22 May 2018). The rats were divided into five groups, ten rats per group: intact control (group 1, C); contact dermatitis, day twelve sacrifice (group 2, CD-d12); contact dermatitis, day 20 sacrifice (group 3, CD-d20); contact dermatitis treated with betamethasone, day 20 sacrifice (group 4, CDB-d20); contact dermatitis treated with nano-betamethasone, day 20 sacrifice (group 5, CDnB-d20). Contact dermatitis was modeled by daily application of 4 g of aqueous lanoline (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 4% NiSO4 (Sigma–Aldrich) on the 3 by 3 cm area of the shaved skin surface for twelve days (day 0–12). Intact control group animals were treated with lanoline excluding NiSO4.
Comparison of the effects of olive oil and breast milk on the prevention of nipple problems in primiparous breastfeeding women: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2021
Derya Kaya Sağlık, Öznur Gürlek Kısacık
On the other hand, our study results showed that in the breast milk group, like the olive oil group, did not have any nipple damage on the 14th day. Some authors reported that due to having anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial substances, breast milk can be used as an effective natural method for the prevention and treatment of both nipple cracks and nipple pain (Akbari et al., 2014; Bahar et al., 2018; Cicerale et al., 2012; Vieira et al., 2017). These finding shows that breast milk can also have prevent nipple damage. However, using breast milk for protecting and supporting wound recovery only yields results in the long run (Abou-Dakn et al., 2011; Vieira et al., 2017). Mariani Neto et al. (2018) reported at the end of a 7-day treatment period that lanolin provided for faster recovery in the depth and width of nipple damage than breast milk. Similarly, in this study, it was determined that the nipple damage was increased in the breast milk group when compared to the olive oil group early in the follow-up.
Effect of different doses of borneol on the pharmacokinetics of vinpocetine in rat plasma and brain after intraocular administration
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Qun Ma, Manman Dai, Huimin Zhang, Luyu Bai, Ning He
VIN raw material (purity > 98.0%) was purchased from Wuhan Yuancheng Gongchuang technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China), VIN eye ointment (the matrix was yellow vaseline: lanolin: liquid paraffin = 8:1:1, 10 mg VIN per gram of matrix), VIN reference substance (purity > 99.0%), and progesterone reference substance (purity > 99.0%, internal standard, IS) were supplied by the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). VIN injections were provided by Henan Runhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Zhengzhou, China). Borneol was purchased from Aladdin Bio Technology Stock Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Lanolin was bought from Shanghai Huating Lanolin Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Liquid paraffin was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The water used was lab-purified. Methanol used in the study was HPLC grade and all other reagents used were of analytical grade.