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Therapeutic Properties of Fermented Foods and Beverages
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
The condition of inability to digest lactose in certain individuals is termed as lactose intolerance, which is mainly due to the deficiency in production of enzyme lactase or ß- galactosidase. In individuals lacking sufficient production of lactase enzyme in the small intestine, consumption of lactose results in several abdominal symptoms, such as: diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain and flatulence.103 Milk inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (such as: Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus and Leuconostoc) hydrolyses lactose to glucose and galactose during the process of fermentation; therefore, it reduces the symptoms of lactose indigestion and also helps to digest the milk sugar (lactose) by lactose intolerant person.30
Gastrointestinal Disease
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Justine Turner, Sally Schwartz
Treatment is to remove or reduce dietary lactose, a common ingredient in many foods including milk and milk products (Table 16.4). Many children can tolerate small amounts of lactose, particularly yogurt, hard cheese, or ice cream without discomfort. Treatment with lactase enzymes is also possible, taken immediately prior to eating foods containing lactose.
Do I Have IBS?
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
An easier way to test whether lactose intolerance may be causing your symptoms is to try using dairy products that are lactose-reduced or lactose-free (both milk and ice cream products are available). Alternatively, you can take an over-the-counter lactase enzyme tablet or drops shortly before consuming dairy products. If you can drink Lactaid milk or eat ice cream after taking a Lactaid pill without symptoms, then lactose intolerance might be part of the cause of your GI symptoms.
The influence of Scandinavian presence on Greenlandic lactase persistence
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Símun Niclasen, Stig Andersen, Nadja Albertsen, Henrik Bygum Krarup
Lactose is the primary saccharide in milk and constitutes 4–5 g/L. It requires enzymatic hydrolysis in the mucosa in the small intestine by lactase into d-glucose and d-galactose before it can be absorbed. In most populations, lactase levels decline after weaning, although at different rates among different people [1]. The ability to produce lactase throughout life is called lactase persistence, as opposed to lactase non-persistence (LNP), and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait [2]. Differences in lactase activity between lactase persistence and non-persistence can occur by 3 years old or earlier [3]. The inability to effectively digest lactose can be due to adult LNP, to primary (congenital) lactase deficiency caused by coding sequence mutations in the lactase gene, or secondary lactase deficiency, caused by disease in the intestinal mucosa [2,4].
Breathing new life into clinical testing and diagnostics: perspectives on volatile biomarkers from breath
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2022
Jordan J. Haworth, Charlotte K. Pitcher, Giuseppe Ferrandino, Anthony R. Hobson, Kirk L. Pappan, Jonathan L. D. Lawson
A positive result for SIBO is defined as a rise in hydrogen >20 ppm from the pretest baseline within 90 min after carbohydrate administration whereas methane levels of >10 ppm at any interval during the breath test are used to determine IMO (Figure 4). IMO is a separate indication from SIBO since methane is produced by methanogens, which are archaea, not bacteria, that may overgrow in the small or large bowel [40]. Similarly, an elevation in hydrogen gas >20 ppm from baseline can detect carbohydrate malabsorption. Lactose malabsorption affects over half of the global population, with prevalence much higher in the Middle East compared to Europe (70% versus 28%) [41]. Lactose absorption depends on its hydrolysis by the enzyme lactase, which diminishes in most populations during childhood. Lactase deficiency may be primary (genetic) or secondary (acquired), such as through gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and systemic sclerosis [42]. Genetic tests can identify polymorphisms for primary lactase deficiency but are typically not recommended for clinical purposes [42].
Role of Diet in the Management of Carcinoid Syndrome: Clinical Recommendations for Nutrition in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Salvatore Artale, Sabrina Barzaghi, Nunziata Grillo, Claudia Maggi, Stefano Lepori, Chiara Butti, Antonella Bovio, Lucia Barbarini, Andrea Colombo, Laura Zanlorenzi, Elena Castiglioni, Alessandra Trojani
In those with more than for 4–7 episodes, a maximum of 10 g/day might be considered (56). Fibers such as whole grains and legumes are excluded, and vegetables and fruits are limited (56). It should be noted that these are therapeutic considerations for diarrhea, and not general recommendations that are in contrast with what mentioned above. For patients with more than seven bouts of diarrhea, hospitalization may be necessary and should be treated with artificial nutrition (56). In order to limit bouts of diarrhea, this nutritional treatment provides a low sugar level and appropriate distribution during the day (56). Small and frequent meals at room temperature and dry foods are recommended (56). Soft drinks are banned because they cause water osmotic pressure in the bowel, causing diarrhea (57). Lactose-containing foods are not allowed in order to avoid abdominal pain and diarrhea for those who are intolerant and have congenital primitive lactase deficiency (68% of global population) (58).