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Natural Products and Stem Cells and Their Commercial Aspects in Cosmetics
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Sonia Trehan, Rose Soskind, Jemima Moraes, Vinam Puri, Bozena Michniak-Kohn
Waxes are esters comprised of long-chain fatty acids that have been reacted with higher alcohols. Wax esters have two fatty groups: one in the alcohol portion and one in the acid portion (O’Lenick et al., 2008). Carnauba wax is a high melting point wax derived from the leaves of carnauba palm trees (Copernicia cerifera). Although the tree grows throughout the world, only the variety found in northeastern Brazil produces the wax used in the cosmetic industry. Carnauba wax can used to harden softer waxes for reduced elasticity and crystallization, and can be used in a wide variety of make-up products (Corbeil et al., 2000). Candelilla wax is taken from the outer surface of the Euphorbia cerifera plant found in northern Mexico. The wax is light brown in colour, and is hard and shiny. It can be found in creams, lipsticks and other make-up products. The wax has a high melting point and can be used in many products that require resistance to heat. Jojoba oil is a waxy ester that is liquid at room temperature and comes from Simmondsia chinensis evergreen shrubs found in the southwestern United States and in Mexico (O’Lenick et al., 2008). Japan wax, or sumac wax, is not a true wax. Instead, it is a fat extracted from the fruit of the Rhus succedanes plant and can be used as a plant-based alternative to beeswax (Corbeil et al., 2000).
The science of nail polish, nail polish remover, and nail moisturizers
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Other moisturizing agents found to be useful include glycerin, petrolatum, beeswax, mineral oils, natural oils (almond, avocado, jojoba, and sunflower), waxes (cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and beeswax), and humectants (aloe vera, ceramides, and glycerin).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Aloe drug is the dried juice obtained from the leaves, used medicinally as an anthelmintic, cathartic (acting on large intestine), emmenagogue, stomachic and vermifuge. Fresh juice is cathartic and refrigerant, useful in fevers, treatment of abrasions, burns and skin irritations; used in gels or with lanolin for skin ailments. In Egypt, the aqueous extract of “Aloe vera” is sold as Aloderm. Produced as a creme or lotion, aloderm promotes the healing of wounds, burns, radiodermatitis, sunburn, and ulcers. It helps acne vulgaris. In the U.S., it is finding its way into all sorts of cosmetics, emollients, lotions, shampoos, etc., sometimes in combination with jojoba. Fresh latex is supposed to inhibit the activity of Corynebacterium, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp.81 Extracts are nematicidal.82 The cooling mucilage is poulticed onto inflammations caused by x-ray and other radiation burns. Malays value the plant for keeping their hair in good condition. Used as a flavor ingredient in most major categories of food products, including alcoholic (bitters, liqueurs, vermouths) and nonalcoholic beverages, frozen dairy desserts, candy, baked goods, and gelatins and puddings. The seed and root oils and the root extract are more commonly used; average maximum use levels are low, usually below 0.01% except for the seed extract, which is reported to be 0.2% in alcoholic beverages.29
Novel methotrexate soft nanocarrier/fractional erbium YAG laser combination for clinical treatment of plaque psoriasis
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Shahenda A. Ramez, Mona M. Soliman, Maha Fadel, Faisal Nour El-Deen, Maha Nasr, Eman R. Youness, Dalea M. Aboel-Fadl
Jojoba oil was purchased from the Egyptian Natural Oil Company, Cairo, Egypt. Tween-80 and Span-85 were purchased from Al-Gomhoreya Pharmaceutical Company, Al America, Egypt. MTX solution was purchased from Mylan Pharmaceutical Inc., Greensboro, NC. Lidocaine HCl injection was purchased from Hospira Inc., Nashville, TN.