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Industrial Manufacture of Traditional Ayurvedic Medicines
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
Guṭika, vaṭi, vaṭika, varti, mōdaka, piṇḍi and guḍa are the Sanskrit synonyms of this dosage form. It is prepared by two methods. Firstly, the powder of herbs can be cooked with jaggery, sugar or guggul gum and then rolled into pills. Alternatively, the powder can be ground with any liquid. If sugar is to be added, its quantity should be four times that of the powder of herbs. The mixture is to be ground with twice the volume of water or other fluids like decoctions or juices of herbs, lemon juice, juice of pomegranate flowers or fruits, latex of Jatropha curcas, cow milk, breast milk, cow urine, goat urine, castor oil, honey, clarified butter or sesame oil. The grinding is carried out continuously for long periods lasting even 7 to 18 days. Finally, they are rolled into pills, dried under shade and stored (Vaidyan and Pillai 1985b; Murthy 2017c).
Plant Species from the Atlantic Forest Biome and Their Bioactive Constituents
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Rebeca Previate Medina, Carolina Rabal Biasetto, Lidiane Gaspareto Felippe, Lilian Cherubin Correia, Marília Valli, Afif Felix Monteiro, Alberto José Cavalheiro, Ângela Regina Araújo, Ian Castro-Gamboa, Maysa Furlan, Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani, Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
Jatropha species have shown a great potential as source of small cyclic peptides, which have attracted much attention due to their chemo-diversity and variety of important biological activities (Baraguey et al., 2001; Mongkolvisut et al., 2006). Chemical studies on the latex of Jatropha curcas led to isolation, structural elucidation and conformational studies of the cyclic peptide jatrophidin I (122) (Figure 9.27). The compound's biological evaluation showed strong inhibitory activity in a fluorometric protease inhibition assay using pepsin as a molecular model for aspartic protease inhibition (Gold et al., 2007), with IC50 value of 0.88 µM, when compared to standard pepstatin A (IC50 0.40 µM). However, the cyclic peptide did not inhibit the serine protease subtilisin, evidencing that the observed inhibitory activity was specific for aspartic proteases (Altei et al., 2014).
In Vitro Plant Regeneration, Comparative Biochemical and Antioxidant Potential of Calli and Seeds of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Medicinal Plants, 2018
Krishnamoorthy Vinothini, Masilamani Sri Devi, Sudharshan Sekar, Blassan P. George, Heidi Abrahamse, Bettine van Vuuren, Arjun Pandian
The aqueous ethanol extracts of Jatropha dioica, Flourensia cernua, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Turnera diffusa extracts tested against antioxidant activity among four plants. J. dioica showed highest scavenging (Jorge et al. 2015). Methanolic leaf extracts of Nelumbo nucifera showed brawny antioxidant (94.97%, IC50, 230.62 μg/mL) activity, (Arjun et al. 2012b). Marrubium vulgare aqueous extracts, Thymus numidicus methanol leaf extracts and Senecio candicans in vitro callus and in vivo leaf extracts showed more potent antioxidant activity in a similar manner (Vanderjagt et al. 2002; Hariprasath et al. 2015).
Larval and gut enzyme toxicity of n-hexane extract Epaltes pygmaea DC. against the arthropod vectors and its non-toxicity against aquatic predator
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Kesavan Amala, Raja Ganesan, Sengodan Karthi, Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan, Muthiah Chellappandian, Patcharin Krutmunag, Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan, Faruq Mohammad, Athirstam Ponsankar, Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
The larval toxicity of NH-EPx showed significant mortality rate in both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti larvae at the maximum lethal dosage of 125ppm. Even though the mortality rate is significantly higher in Temephos (1ppm), the non-target toxicity and chemical resistance are slightly higher compared with NH-Epx. Likewise, methanolic leaf extracts of Justicia adhatoda showed prominent mortality rate at the lethal dosage of 250ppm against all the larval instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti (Thanigaivel et al.2012). Correspondingly, the crude petroleum ether extracts of Jatropha curcas and Euphorbia tirucalli displayed effective larvicidal activity against the dengue vector (LC50: 11.34 and 5.52ppm), respectively (Rahuman et al.2008). Similarly, NH-EPx also showed effective LC50 and LC90 at 1.85665 and 2.15657 log ppm dosages against the both vectors, respectively.
Nanotechnology for the development of new cosmetic formulations
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Ana Cláudia Santos, Francisca Morais, Ana Simões, Irina Pereira, Joana A. D. Sequeira, Miguel Pereira-Silva, Francisco Veiga, António Ribeiro
Borase et al. studied [118] the potential use of phytolatex AuNPs in sunscreens as a way to improve the protection factor. The phytolatex derived from Jatropha gossypifolia was used in the synthesis of AuNPs, as a chemical reducer substitute, and the NPs were, subsequently, characterized taking into account the UV protection factor. The AuNPs were incorporated in a commercialized sunscreen without metal NPs in their original formula and their use was evaluated. The AuNPs incorporation increased the sun protection factor by more than 20%. The mechanism beyond this increment of the sun protection factor is associated with the scattering and reflection of sun radiation by AuNPs. Thus, AuNPs revealed themselves to be a remarkable technology to be applied in sunscreen formulations, being an alternative to hazard chemical agents.
Brazilian medicinal plants with corroborated anti-inflammatory activities: a review
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Victor Pena Ribeiro, Caroline Arruda, Mohamed Abd El-Salam, Jairo Kenupp Bastos
Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Oken (Euphorbiaceae) (Ferreira-Rodrigues et al. 2016), Justicia pectoralis Jacq. (Acanthaceae) (Leal et al. 2000), Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess (Crassulaceae) (Costa et al. 2006), Magnolia ovata (A. St.-Hil) Spreng. (Magnoliaceae) (Kassuya et al. 2009); Mikania glomerata Spreng. (Asteraceae) (Fierro et al. 1999); Myracroduon urundeuva Allemao (Anacardiaceae) (Souza et al. 2007), Peschiera australis (Mull. Arg.) Miers (Apocynaceae) – Tabernaemontana catharinensis D.C. (Apocynaceae) (Rates et al. 1993), Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) (D’Angelo et al. 1997), Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Myrtaceae) (Azevedo et al. 2016), Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich) Vahl. (Verbenaceae) (Penido, Costa, Futuro, et al. 2006), Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. Ex. D.C.) Standl. (Bignoniaceae) (Koyama et al. 2000), Vanillosmopsis arborea (Gardner) Kaber. (Asteraceae) (Santos et al. 2015), Virola michelii Heckel (Myristicaceae) Carvalho, Sertie, et al. (1999), Ximenia americana L. (Ximeniaceae) (Shettar et al. 2015), Zeyheria montana Mart. (Bignoniaceae) (Guenka et al. 2008), Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss (Malpighiaceae) (Orlandia et al. 2011), and other plants native to Brazil with anti-inflammatory activities need further studies to fully elucidate their mechanisms of action.