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Role of Lectins in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins that are largely derived from plants, although some have been detected in animals, including some invertebrates. An important family of mammalian lectins are the selectins that are critical in lymphocyte migration and homing during immune surveillance. Most important for humans, lectins are often found in foods and food products, such as peas, beans, potatoes, soybeans, tomatoes, and wheat germ. Although their role in nature has not been precisely defined for each lectin, yet some appear to have potent biological properties.
Medicinal Mushrooms
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Temitope A. Oyedepo, Adetoun E. Morakinyo
Lectins have been demonstrated to have anticancer activities with both in vitro experiments and in clinical trials (Liu et al., 2010). They function by binding to membrane carbohydrates. Its therapeutic purpose is to bind to the membrane of a mutant cell or its receptors, leading to the death of the cancer cells and therefore, encouraging the reduction of tumor (Cheung et al., 2012; Wang et al., 1995). Lectins can also ameliorate the unwanted side effects that usually accompany chemotherapy in addition to their ability to eradicate tumor cells by increasing the activities of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (Cheung et al., 2012).
Carbohydrate Histochemistry
Published in Joan Gil, Models of Lung Disease, 2020
Bradley A. Schulte, Russell A. Harley, Samuel S. Spicer
Immunohistochemical studies using polyclonal antisera or monoclonal antibodies directed against specific carbohydrate sequences also should be preceded by preliminary investigations using a variety of fixation protocols. This will be especially true for studies that propose the combined use of lectin histochemistry and immunocytochemistry, as mentioned above.
Nanocarrier functionalization strategies for targeted drug delivery in skin cancer therapy: current progress and upcoming challenges
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Leonardo Delello Di Filippo, Mariana Carlomagno de Paula, Jonatas Lobato Duarte, Geanne Aparecida de Paula, Isadora Frigieri, Marlus Chorilli
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that can bind to specific glycans on the surface of cells, such as sialic acid, which is overexpressed in neoplastic cells. Some lectins have been studied for their potential use in cancer treatment, including their ability to specifically target and bind to cancer cells. Research has shown that some lectins may have anti-cancer properties and can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells. For example, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) has been shown to inhibit the growth and proliferation of various types of cancer cells, including skin, breast, and colon cancer cells. Other lectins, such as concanavalin A (ConA), have also been shown to have anti-cancer properties. ConA has been shown to induce apoptosis in leukemia cells, while Jacalin has been shown to inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells [38,39].
An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
The research looked at the anti-proliferative properties of aqueous extracts from French bean aerial sections (Phaseolus vulgaris). The aqueous extracts showed strong antioxidant activity at 400 and 800 mg/mL doses and inhibited the development of HepG2 cells (62). The seed coats of P. vulgaris yielded several compounds, including triterpenoids and flavonoids, according to phytochemical review. Several compounds isolated from P. vulgaris showed anti-proliferative activity (63). The lectins are the most common protein found in legumes. Due to its assorted pharmacological roles such as antitumor, anti-HIV and antibacterial properties, lectin has gained a lot of attention as a therapeutic agent in recent years. The hemagglutinin extracted from the seeds of P. vulgaris had a moderate inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell growth but did not affect normal liver cells (64). According to their research, BTKL’s (legume lectin from the seeds) antitumor activities against HepG2 cells may be mediated by three mechanisms as inducing apoptosis and necrosis, promoting nitric oxide development through upregulation of iNOS and triggering the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Interferon (INF)-γ (65). A hemagglutinin isolated from P. vulgaris was found to have greater anti-proliferative activity than concanavalin A in the HepG2 cancer cells (66).
Targeting glyco-immune checkpoints for cancer therapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Other lectins have been described to modulate immune cell activation and anti-tumor immunity. In particular, C-type lectins including selectins and collectins have been linked to immune cell modulation [76]. Selectins are expressed on leukocytes (L-selectin, CD62L), on platelets (P-selectin, CD62P), and on endothelial cells (P-selectin, and E-selectin, CD62E) [77,78]. Selectins bind to sialic acid-containing ligands, including sialyl-Lewisx and sialyl-Lewisa epitopes [79]. The role of selectins in anti-tumor immunity has been reviewed recently [78]. In particular, recruitment of myeloid cells during metastatic niche formation has been described to be dependent on selectin-mediated interactions [80]. In addition, the P-selectin ligand PSGL-1 has been shown to inhibit anti-cancer immunity [81], although its regulating function is mediated by interaction with the inhibitory receptor VISTA in an acidic environment [82].