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Perspectives of Nature-Oriented Pharmacotherapeutics for the Effectual Management of Hemorrhoidal Symptoms
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Taranpreet Kaur Bamrah, Mojabir Hussen Ansari, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
Euphorbia prostrate is used for the management of grade-I and grade-II symptomatic hemorrhoids. The exact mechanism of action of this plant in treating hemorrhoids includes an increase in the lymphatic drainage, reduction in the capillary permeability, improvement of the venous tone, protection of capillary bed microcirculation, and inhibition of certain inflammatory reactions. The pharmacological activity is mediated by the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, etc.
Essential Oils in Cancer Therapy
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Carmen Trummer, Gerhard Buchbauer
Euphorbia macrorrhiza C.A. Mey. ex Ledeb. (Euphorbiaceae), a perennial herb which is widespread in West Siberia, Kazakhstan, and North China, was evaluated for its anticancer properties against Caco-2 cells (human colorectal carcinoma) (Lin et al., 2012). Many species of the genus Euphorbia have been considered throughout the ages to have a wealth of healing properties. For example, Euphorbia medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of skin diseases, gonorrhea, migraine, intestinal parasites, and warts (Singla and Kamla, 1990). Chemical profiles for E. macrorrhiza EO of the aerial parts and roots demonstrated that acorenone B (16.7% and 25.8%) is the major compound, followed by (+)-cycloisosativene (15.0% and 12.4%), 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstane (10.6% and 5.5%), and copaene (7.4% and 6.3%). After 24 h of treatment with different concentrations of the EO, MTT assay was conducted to quantify cell proliferation. The strongest inhibitory effect on Caco-2 cells was shown by EO of the roots with an IC50 value of 11.86 μg/mL. The data of this study suggested that E. macrorrhiza EO is a good natural source to produce new antitumor drugs (Lin et al., 2012).
Terpenes and Terpenoids
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
A case report in literature described a 40-year-old male known to react to zinc oxide plaster who presented with acute eczema of the face, hands, and arms. His problems began 2 days after he had planted 100 Cupressus leylandii shrubs. The adhesive in zinc oxide plaster is colophony, a pine tar distillate that contains abietic acid and other related terpenes, as does the essential oil from Cupressus leaf (++), Cupressus leaf extract in ether (+++) abietic acid 20% pet (+), and Spanish colophony 20% pet (+++).92 The latex of Euphorbia virgata has been found to contain various skin-irritant esters of the diterpene ingenol.93 In a carcinogenic assay, acetone extract of this latex produces squamous cell papilloma.78 One of the initiator-promoters for skin carcinogenesis was identified as 3-O-2-methyl-decanoyl ingenol.78 The patient improved after removal of the plaster around the windows and sinks. The colophony emanating from the plaster was likely the reason.
Antiviral and antibacterial potential of electrosprayed PVA/PLGA nanoparticles loaded with chlorogenic acid for the management of coronavirus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2023
Asmaa Saleh, Dalia H. Abdelkader, Thanaa A. El-Masry, Duaa Eliwa, Badriyah Alotaibi, Walaa A. Negm, Engy Elekhnawy
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were widespread respiratory tract infections worldwide [26]. Consequently, it is crucial to discover novel therapeutic approaches for treating these infections. Plants are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that could be identified and used to treat respiratory tract infections [27]. Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) is the third most common genus of flowering plants [28]. The Euphorbiaceae family is a well-known plant family involving different species utilized as folklore plants. Earlier studies confirmed the Euphorbia plants’ antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic and anticancer properties [29]. Numerous studies have been conducted to highlight the phytochemical profile of various Euphorbia spp.
In vitro and in silico studies on clinically important enzymes inhibitory activities of flavonoids isolated from Euphorbia pulcherrima
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Abdur Rauf, Muslim Raza, Muhammad Humayun Khan, Hassan A. Hemeg, Yahya S. Al-Awthan, Omar Bahattab, Sami Bawazeer, Saima Naz, Faika Basoglu, Muhammad Saleem, Majid Khan, Hosseini Seyyedamirhossein, Mohammad S. Mubarak, Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
Euphorbiaceae, also called ‘Euphorbias or spurge family,’ is a large flowering family among the Anthophyta with more than 300 genera and 5000 species that spread worldwide. Members of this family are rich in secondary metabolites. Genus Euphorbia is the largest of this family, and regarded as a kingdom of medicinal plants in few countries of Asia such as Pakistan and India. In addition, the genus Euphorbia with various species is used in traditional medicine to cure different ailments. Some species in this family are toxic, while others can be used for things such as poinsettia (E. pulcherrima), spurges, crowns of the throne, and milk bush. However, all of these species contain latex as an abundant source of secondary metabolites [1]. Furthermore, the genus Euphorbia is known to contain diterpenoids, and several isolated compounds exhibited biological activities including significant multidrug resistance reversal effects [2]. For instance, the essential oil from E. hirta L., which is also called ‘asthma plant’ has been traditionally used to cure asthma. This oil consists of various components such as triterpenes, phytosterols, tannins, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which can be used for different ailments. Besides, the essential oil has been employed as mosquito repellent, thus preventing malaria [3].
New Diterpene Compound from Euphorbia connate Boiss., 3,7,14,15-Tetraacetyl-5-Propanoyl-13(17)-Epoxy-8,10(18)-Myrsinadiene, Inhibits the Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Promoting Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Mohammad Hossein Abdolmohammadi, Faranak Fallahian, Mustafa Ghanadian, Abdollah Mirjani, Mahmoud Aghaei
Due to these complications, identification of novel anticancer agents with high selectivity for cancer cells and low toxicity against normal cells could be an effective strategy to decrease the cancer mortality. In drug discovery and development, medicinal plants as a valuable and wonderful source of natural compounds have played a significant role for a long time (3). A wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, pigments, and tannins with diverse biological effects are found in large quantities in plants (4). In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the anticancer properties of herbal compounds. The acquired evidence led to the identification of potent new anticancer drugs. Many evidence indicates that natural products found in Euphorbia, the largest genus in Euphorbiaceae with more than 2000 species in the world, exhibit promising anti-tumor activities against different types of cancers (5–8). Euphorbia is a valuable source of powerful bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anticancer properties (8). Phytochemical investigations on Euphorbia have revealed that diterpenes are the major active metabolite responsible for the various biological effects of this plant (9).