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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Twenty-five cosmetics and cosmetic toys for children (5 shampoos and shower gels, 6 perfumes, 1 deodorant (roll-on), 4 baby lotions/creams, 1 baby wipes product, 1 baby oil, 2 lipcare products and 5 toy-cosmetic products: a cosmetic-toy set for blending perfumes and a makeup set) purchased in 1997-1998 in retail outlets in Denmark, Germany, England and Sweden were analyzed in 1998 for the presence of fragrances by GC-MS. Methyldihydro-jasmonate (Hedione ®) was found in 12 products (48%) in a concentration range of ≤0.001-1.027% (w/w). For the analytical data in each product category, the original publication should be consulted (4).
Environmental Factors Impacting Bioactive Metabolite Accumulation in Brazilian Medicinal Plants
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Camila Fernanda de Oliveira Junkes, Franciele Antonia Neis, Fernanda de Costa, Anna Carolina Alves Yendo, Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
Biotic responses are normally mediated by signaling compounds, such as jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl isoleucine (Ile-JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), synthesized from linolenic or hexadecatrienoic acids starting with lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. JA and related compounds have a key role in regulation of herbivory and wounding responses by modulating global changes in gene expression. Another example of a major biotic signaling compound is salicylic acid (SA) and its methyl analog, methyl salicylate (MeSA), which have been shown to take part in defense signaling against pathogens, leading to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and providing long-term defense (Heil and Ton, 2008). Both JA and SA may co-participate and cross talk in herbivory and pathogen responses. Ethylene (ET) also has an important role in plant protection, acting as virulence factor of pathogens and signaling compound in disease resistance, depending on the situation (van Loon et al., 2006). The simulation of herbivory by applying mechanical damage can induce the formation of JA and ET (Bailey et al., 2005). Besides, SA or JA exposure triggers events such as production of ROS and increased cytoplasmic Ca2+, which can stimulate certain biochemical reactions and production of secondary metabolites (Lin et al., 2001) (see Table 6.3).
Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects of Terpenes, Polyphenolics, and Other Non-Flavonoid Phytochemicals
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Methyl jasmonate is a single-ringed, cyclopentane-containing organic acid released by certain plants, including Jasminum sambac, in response to external stress, injury, or pathogenic invasions. Interestingly, this is also a role played by resveratrol in plants. Both acute128 and sub-chronic129 intraperitoneal administration of methyl jasmonate decreased immobility of mice in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. Sub-chronic intraperitoneal administration of methyl jasmonate also produced antidepressant-like effects in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide. It lowered serum corticosterone levels, and reduced concentrations of malondialdehyde and TNF-α in brain homogenate. Brain levels of glutathione were increased.130 In mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress, methyl jasmine exhibited a so-called “adaptogenic” effect. It reduced serum corticosterone levels, attenuated oxidative stress and malondialdehyde levels in brain tissue, maintained glutathione levels, and decreased neuronal cell loss.131
Novel approaches to targeted protein degradation technologies in drug discovery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2023
Yu Xue, Andrew A. Bolinger, Jia Zhou
Multiple plant hormone signaling pathways are regulated by UPS [14]. Retrospective studies demonstrated that these plant hormones functioned as MGs, exemplified by auxin, jasmonates, and gibberellin. Auxin (1) (chemical structure shown in Figure 2) regulates gene expression through promoting E3 ligase Skp1-cullin 1-F-box (SCF)-catalyzed degradation of the Aux/IAA transcription repressors [15]. A ternary complex co-crystal of auxin, transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1), and Aux/IAA disclosed the mechanism, by which auxin enhanced the TIR1–substrate interactions as an MG, thereby inducing the degradation of Aux/IAA [3]. Jasmonates are reported to regulate the degradation of jasmonates ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein family in response to host immunity and stress response by binding to SCF substrate coronatine insensitive 1 (COI1) [16]. A co-crystal of JA-Ile (2, a jasmonate derivative) conjugate demonstrated the promotion of physical interaction between COI1 and JAZ1 [4]. Gibberellin was originally identified as a mycotoxin. Model studies of gibberellin signaling in plants suggest that it functions as an MG [5]. Through binding to gibberellin A3 (GA3, 3), gibberellin insensitive dwarf 1 (GID1) is induced to undergo a conformational switch, which in turn promotes the recognition of transcriptional regulator DELLA proteins (a SCF substrate) by SCFSLY1/GID2, thereby being ubiquitinated and degraded [17].
Targeting glucose metabolism to develop anticancer treatments and therapeutic patents
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2022
Yan Zhou, Yizhen Guo, Kin Yip Tam
Jasmonates (a plant stress hormones family) and some of their synthetic derivatives exhibited anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo [43,44]. O Fingrut and E Flescher found in 2002 that jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) induced apoptosis in lymphoblastic leukemia cells and suppressed cell proliferation, as well as tumor growth in various human cancer cell lines [45]. In 2018, Vered Behar’s team reported methods of using HK2/mitochondria-detaching compounds, including jasmonate derivatives and piperazine derivatives, as well as pharmaceutical compositions for treating, inhibiting, or suppressing a HK2-expressing cancer [14]. Among these compounds, it was found that one of the Jasmonate derivatives (1–9) inhibited colony formation and decreased cell viability of CTCL tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner (0.50–3.00 µM). In addition to that, 1–9 was reported to be a selective HK2 inhibitor with minimal effect on HK1.
Edible Tuber Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Extract Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration of Breast Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Munmi Majumder, Manoj Sharma, Siddhartha Maiti, Rupak Mukhopadhyay
Identifying constituent compounds of an active extract is important to correlate association with anticancer effect. HR-LCMS analysis of the active ethyl acetate fraction of the extract showed the presence of five active compounds with reported anticancer activities. Among these compounds, Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), in combination with other vitamins and zinc, showed anticancer activity against bladder cancer (13). The active form, pyridoxine 5′-phosphate, targeted pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase and down regulated its expression in ovarian cancer cells leading to reduced proliferation (38). The flavonoid Cosmosiin induced apoptosis in stomach cancer cells and reduced risk of breast cancer (14). Fisetin, a well-known flavonoid, showed anticancer, and antimetastatic activity on various cancer cell lines like HL-60 (39), AsPC‐1 (40), SiHa and CaSki (41), HT-29 (42), MCF-7 (15). Plant stress hormone methyl jasmonate, also demonstrated antioxidant activity and inhibited metastasis and angiogenesis of cancer cells (16). Finally, dihydrogambogic acid showed potent anticancer activity against cell lines like MCF-7, HT-29, T47D (17).