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Structural Organization of the Liver
Published in Robert G. Meeks, Steadman D. Harrison, Richard J. Bull, Hepatotoxicology, 2020
The earliest description of intracellular structures that probably represent mitochondria date back to the 1840s, only a few years after the discovery of the cell nucleus. The name mitochondria was first used in 1898 by Benda, and derived from the Greek “mitos” (thread) and “chondros” (granule), referring to the appearance of these structures. In 1900, Michaelis found that the redox dye Janus Green B serves as a specific supravital stain of mitochondria, and this feature remained the “official portrait” of mitochondria until 1952, when the first high-resolution electron micrographs of mitochondria were published by Palade. Correlated morphologic and biochemical studies on isolated mitochondria initiated during the early 1940s have made a major contribution to our current knowledge of mitochondrial structure and function. For details of historical accounts, see Ernster and Schatz (1981).
Cytotoxic, necrotic, apoptotic, and autophagic properties of venom sac extract of Vespa orientalis in T47D and MCF10A breast cell lines
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Seyed Mohammad-Hossein Shetab-Boushehri, Asieh Hosseini, Javad Rafinejad, Alireza Ebadollahi-Natanzi, Seyed Vahid Shetab-Boushehri
Janus green is a vital dye for staining tissues in histology which also stains mitochondria supravitally (Ahmad et al. 2018). Like MTT (3–(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), it is used in cytotoxicity assay (Ahmad et al. 2018). A mixture of ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO) is used for the quantification of necrotic and apoptotic cells (Ribble et al. 2005; Smith et al. 2012). The lysosomotropic agent monodansylcadaverine (MDC) is a fluorescent probe for the detection of autophagic vacuoles in cultured cells that is incorporated into multilamellar bodies by both ion trapping mechanisms and the interaction with membrane lipids (Biederbick et al. 1995; Zakeri et al. 2008; Vázquez and Colombo 2009). Propidium iodide (PI), as a marker of cell death, is usually used accompany with MDC (Chan et al. 2012).
CoQ10 alleviate preeclampsia symptoms by enhancing the function of mitochondria in the placenta of pregnant rats with preeclampsia
Published in Hypertension in Pregnancy, 2019
Xia Xu, Jian-Rong Pan, Yan-Zhen Zhang
One hundred milligrams of placenta tissue was placed in a pre-cooled mortar and washed with PBS. Cut the tissue into very fine pieces of tissue, add liquid nitrogen and 100 μl of pre-chilled mitochondria separation reagent A (Biyun company, Shanghai, China), homogenize tissue in liquid nitrogen quickly, and transfer to a centrifuge tube. The homogenized tissue was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min at 4. The homogenized tissue was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min at 4°C. Carefully transfer the supernatant to another centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 11,000 g for 10 min at 4°C. Carefully remove the supernatant, take a smear of one drop of the pellet, add 1% of Janus Green B stain for 20 min, cover the coverslip and observe under a microscope whether it is bluish-green and small rod. If it is, precipitation is mitochondria. Liquid nitrogen is quickly frozen and cryopreserved for later use.