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Assay of Antibiotics in Mammalian Cell Culture
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
The counting of cell populations with the aid of a hemocytometer and microscope has had wide application in tissue culture; for small numbers or volumes of samples it is the method most commonly used. This method has the distinct advantage over electronic enumeration, as quantitative information on cell viability may be obtained simultaneously by the incorporation of a vital stain into the diluting medium. However, this method quickly becomes tedious in the counting of large numbers of samples, a factor likely to increase the existing counting error, estimated at 10% [10]. Automated electronic counters, which have been widely used in recent years for studies on growth and population dynamics, offer greater rapidity and accuracy and their application to mammalian cells is well defined [11]. With sufficienty large populations of cells that can be readily dissociated in the absence of cell damage or debris formation, it is clearly the method of choice for quantitative growth studies.
Contact Endoscopy of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
With the vital stain, in some cases it is possible to identify the typical koilocytes (ballooned cells) (Figure 51.13) and inflammatory infiltrates. Koilocytes are typical of human papillomavirus infected cells.
Bone Remodeling in the Craniofacial Region
Published in D. Dixon Andrew, A.N. Hoyte David, Ronning Olli, Fundamentals of Craniofacial Growth, 2017
There is still a further, complex series of changes to be understood, (see Figure 15.2). When ectocranial resorption over an eminence is prominent, the outer table is completely eroded; diploe is exposed at the surface, and is compacted simultaneously by bone deposition between the trabeculae. The diploe then extends into the lamellae of the proximate surface of the inner table, which is laying down bone on the endocranial concavity aspect. Continuation of this process means that, gradually, what was an endocranial table has been “carried” across the diploe to become compacted as the outer table. This is “drift” of a surface, (for a similar sequence see Figure 15.32 in Chapter 11, the cranial base). When a vital stain such as alizarin is used, a stained inner table can in this manner come to take the place of an unstained, resorbing outer table (Hoyte, 1960, 1966, 1968).
Fermented dried Citrus unshiu peel extracts exert anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and improve skin moisturizing efficacy in immortalized human HaCaT keratinocytes
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Chulwon Kim, Jun Ji, Seung Ho Baek, Jong Hyun Lee, In Jin Ha, Soon Sung Lim, Hong Jae Yoon, Yun Je Nam, Kwang Seok Ahn
LPS (Escherichia coli 055:B5), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Tris base, glycine, NaCl, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), Griess reagent and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). RPMI 1640, foetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotic-antimycotic mixture were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Trypan blue vital stain (0.4%) was obtained from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 ELISA kits were obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Anti-COX-2 and anti-iNOS antibodies were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). Anti-filaggrin, anti-serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), anti-β-actin, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
Osteocalcin, Azan and Toluidine blue staining in fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma of the jaws
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Samuel Ebele Udeabor, Akinyele Olumuyiwa Adisa, Anna Orlowska, Poju Chia, Robert A. Sader, Shahram Ghanaati
Distinguishing between FD and OF using either the genetic or immunohistochemical tests in each case of a FOL may not be feasible in all cases for all laboratories due to overhead costs and or patients inability to afford such tests. Also the results of tests may be needed in a relatively short turn-around time and this may not be possible with genetic or immunohistochemical analysis. Thus, we therefore conduct this study to detect any correlation between relatively simple histo-morphometric analysis with Azan and Toluidine blue as compared with immunohistochemistry by osteocalcin. These may offer a relatively less complex and quicker method for appropriate diagnosis. Azan is a trichrome stain that uses three anionic dyes to mark different tissues histologically. It is an improvement over the traditional Mallory’s method and stains muscle fibers red and cartilage/bone matrix blue.8 Toluidine blue is an acidophilic metachromatic dye that selectively stains acidic tissue components (sulfates, carboxylates, and phosphate radicals). It has been extensively used as a vital stain for mucosal lesions but has also found applications in tissue sections to specifically stain certain components owing to its metachromatic property.9
Immunotoxicity of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles: influence of surface properties on dendritic cell activation
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2019
S. Barillet, E. Fattal, S. Mura, N. Tsapis, M. Pallardy, H. Hillaireau, S. Kerdine-Römer
The trypan blue dye exclusion method was additionally used to assess cytotoxicity. Viable and dead cells were counted with a hemocytometer, distincted thanks to the use of trypan blue, a vital stain that only enters dead cells.