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Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Humulus lupulus has antidiabetic effects, enhances insulin sensitivity, and lowers the risk of Metabolic Syndrome. Administration of tetrahydro iso-alpha acids extracted from Humulus lupulus to high fat diet-fed obese and diabetic mice for eight weeks reduced body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and fasting hyperinsulinemia, and normalized insulin sensitivity markers. The treatment also increased plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.7 A modified hop extract, Rho-isoalpha acids (RIAA) increased lipid accumulation in murine 3T3-L1 adipocyte by 225%, compared to 140% for troglitazone and 125% for rosiglitazone. The extract also improved insulin signaling through stimulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, inhibition of GSK-3β, and reduction of IRS-1pS307, a phosphorylated form of the insulin receptor that is partially deactivated.8 Isohumulones extracted from Humulus lupulus reduce insulin resistance by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ.9
Osteoarthritis
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
David Musnick, Richard D. Batson
There are lipophilic extracts of hops that can be modified to the family of isohumulones. These compounds can reduce inflammation, insulin resistance dyslipidemia and obesity. They have been found to reduce post-prandial endotoxemia and subsequent inflammation. THIAA is a particular isohumulone that has been produced as a supplement and has been found to have actions in regard to osteoarthritis, including the inhibition of NF-κB, attenuation of TNF-α, and MMP-9 expression. This supplement should be considered in a patient that has osteoarthritis with any of the following comorbidities: insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia (Van Cleemput et al., 2009; Bland et al., 2015).
In silico predictions of the human pharmacokinetics/toxicokinetics of 65 chemicals from various classes using conformal prediction methodology
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Urban Fagerholm, Sven Hellberg, Jonathan Alvarsson, Ola Spjuth
Six of the compounds were predicted to have a biliary excretion exceeding renal excretion - alpha-tocopherol (MW = 431 g/mole), beta-carotene (MW = 537 g/mole), hypericin (MW = 504 g/mole), isohumulone (MW = 362 g/mole), THC (MW = 314 g/mole) and tubocurarine (MW = 682 g/mole). The predicted fraction excreted in bile (of the total elimination) for all these was, however, very low.