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Uro-Angiographic Contrast Agents—The Holy Grail
Published in Christoph de Haën, X-Ray Contrast Agent Technology, 2019
In the 1960s, the market for contrast agents, then all of the ionic variety, was perceived by many to become of the commodity type. Price began do dominate all other aspects. Hope of breakthrough chemicals entering the pipeline was dwindling. As a side effect, feedback to research and development functions from those most closely in contact with the customer, i.e., the marketing and sales functions, became scarce and poorly supported. As a result, the feedback contributed at best little to the advent of the new technology. With the arrival of iopamidol and iohexol this changed drastically. The vision behind these products finally captivated the business arms of various companies. The aforementioned elevated prices lost their deterrent effect. A full-scale involvement in the contrast agent business seemed again desirable. Research was renewed in various companies. At Schering AG, this brought forth iopromide in 1979 (Speck et al. 1979) and at Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, ioversol in 1982 (Lin 1982). In fact, since the arrival of iopamidol and iohexol the following similar agents have become available: i.e., iopromide [ULTRAVIST™, Schering, patented 1979, marketed 1985], ioversol [OPTIRAY™, Mallinckrodt, patented 1982, marketed 1989], iopentol [IMAGOPAQUE™, IVÉPAQUE™, Nyegaard, patented 1982, marketed 1993], iobitridol [XENETIX™, Guerbet, patented 1990, marketed 1994], iomeprol [IOMERON™, Bracco, patented 1979, marketed 1994], ioxilan [OXILAN™, Cook, patented 1985, marketed 1998].163
Esophageal stents
Published in Larry R. Kaiser, Sarah K. Thompson, Glyn G. Jamieson, Operative Thoracic Surgery, 2017
Nabil P. Rizk, Sarah K. Thompson
The stent can be placed in either the supine or lateral position. In our institution, either approach is used depending on surgeon preference. Endoscopy is performed first to evaluate the location of the stricture/leak/fistula. If a narrow stricture, a skinny endoscope may be necessary to evaluate the distal extent. If a complete or near-complete obstruction is present, a guidewire is placed carefully under fluoroscopic guidance into the stomach. Gentle dilatation using a Savary-Gilliard technique is used up to a diameter of 7 mm, so the skinny endoscope can then be inserted through the stricture. Under fluoroscopic guidance, radio-opaque markers are placed at the proximal and distal aspects of the stricture/leak/fistula. If the patient is in the supine position, this can be done with paperclips on the patient’s chest (see Figure 28.3). If in the lateral position, a radio-opaque solution is generally injected endoscopically (either iopromide or ethiodized oil) at the proximal and distal aspects.
Contrast media
Published in Debabrata Mukherjee, Eric R. Bates, Marco Roffi, Richard A. Lange, David J. Moliterno, Nadia M. Whitehead, Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention, 2017
Laura Davidson, Charles J. Davidson
LOCM are also available as nonionic monomers. These are tri-iodinated with many hydrophilic hydroxyl groups. They possess a 3:1 iodine-to-particle ratio and have an osmo- larity between 500 and 850 mOsm/kg. These include iopam- idol (Isovue), iohexol (Omnipaque), iopromide (Ultravist), ioxilan (Oxilan), and ioversol (Optiray). The nonionic LOCM cause less ventricular irritability than their ionic predecessors but generally have a slightly higher viscosity. Nevertheless, there is no increased risk of thrombotic events compared to ionic agents.3, 4 Additionally, nonionic LOCM are associated with less nephrotoxicity and fewer allergic reactions compared to HOCM.5
Relationship between intracoronary thrombus burden and systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2023
Abdullah Kadir Dolu, Orhan Karayiğit, Can Ozkan, Muhammet Cihat Çelik, Macit Kalçık
All patients received a loading dose of 300 mg aspirin and 600 mg clopidogrel before PCI and 70 IU/kg unfractionated heparin during the PCI procedure. Primary PCI was performed with a standard radial or femoral approach using a 6 or 7 French guide catheter. Primary PCI was applied only to the artery responsible for the infarct, and a stent was placed in all patients. Stent type (bare metal or drug-eluting stent) and thrombus aspiration were left to the operator's discretion. The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor tirofiban was left to the operator's choice and was administered by an intracoronary bolus of 10 μg/kg followed by an intravenous infusion of 0.15 μg/kg/min during the PCI procedure. Standard Judkins technique (Expo; Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) and Siemens Axiom Sensis XP device (Munich, Germany) were used for selective coronary angiography. The contrast agent was iopromide (Ultravist-370 Schering AG, Berlin, Germany).
Relationship among CT-based abdominal adipose tissue areas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in male
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Elif Gündoğdu, Emre Emekli, Mahmut Kebapçı
CT imaging was performed using 64-slice (Toshiba, Aquillon 64, Japan) or 128-slice (GE, Revolution EVO, USA) multi-detector CT scanners. The subjects were examined in a supine position with their arms extended above their heads. All CT examinations were performed using a routine portal venous phase abdominal CT protocol after the intravenous bolus administration of an iodinated contrast agent (65 s). The intravenous contrast agent (1.5 ml/kg; iopromide 370, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Germany or iohexol 350, GE Healthcare, USA) was administered through the antecubital veins with an automatic injector at a rate of 3 ml/sec. The CT parameters were as follows: 1:1 pitch, 200-250 mAs, 120 kVp, and 0.5-0.625 isotropic spatial resolution.
The effect of prior COVID-19 infection on coronary microvascular dysfunction
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2022
Önder Bilge, Murat Çap, Ferat Kepenek, Emrah Erdogan, İsmail Tatlı, Cansu Öztürk, Ercan Taştan, Cihan Gündoğan, Ferhat Işık, Metin Okşul, Mesut Oktay, Halil Akın, Cengiz Burak, Mehmet Zülküf Karahan, Halil Kömek, İbrahim Halil Tanboğa
Coronary angiography was performed by an interventional cardiologist via femoral or radial percutaneous route using the Judkins technique on a PHILIPS angiography device. Iopromide (ultravist-370) or iohexol (omnipaque) was used as a contrast agent. Coronary arteries were assessed at cranial and caudal angles in the right and left oblique planes, and angles imaged at 30 frames per second (30 fps) were taken as reference. The starting point was the moment when the contrast agent touched both sides of the coronary artery and started to progress, the endpoint was the moment when the contrast agent gave the first lateral branch of the posterolateral artery for right coronary artery (RCA), which is called the mustage for left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the moment when it reached the distal bifurcation of the longest branch for left circumflex artery (LCx). Right anterior oblique or left anterior oblique-caudal angle for LAD and LCx and left anterior oblique-cranial angle for RCA were taken as reference, and TIMI frame count was calculated. TFC were calculated separately by viewing angiography images recorded on CDs in DICOM standard in digital media. The corrected frame count was obtained by dividing the TIMI frame count of the LAD artery by 1.7. The mean TFC was found by summing the TIMI frame numbers obtained from the corrected LAD, LCx, and RCA for each patient and dividing by three [6]. In the current definition of Beltrame coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 2 or corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) more than 27 frames in one or more epicardial coronary vessels is defined as CSFP [13]. In our study, we identified CSFP patients according to this definition. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee of our hospital.