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Types of Evidence
Published in Donald Gillies, Causality, Probability, and Medicine, 2019
The control diet was a standard American diet containing 40% fat calories, mostly of animal origin. The experimental diet was designed to be as similar to the standard diet as possible, except that about two thirds of the animal fat calories were replaced by vegetable oils, such as corn, cottonseed, safflower, and soybean. In effect, the total fat content of the diet was about the same, but two thirds of the saturated fat had been replaced by unsaturated fat. Two other small changes were that the mean iodine value was increased from 53.5 in the control to 102.4 in the experimental diet; while the cholesterol content was reduced from 653 mg/day in the control to 365 mg/day in the experimental diet. The latter change was brought about by having less eggs – the usual source of dietary cholesterol.
Using iodine for analysis
Published in Tatsuo Kaiho, Iodine Made Simple, 2017
The iodine value is an indicator used to evaluate the properties of oils, fats, and biodiesel fuel. The carbon-carbon double bond within an organic compound has high reactivity, and its deterioration may cause a fire and oxidation by air may cause heat generation.
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.: A REVIEW OF ITS ETHNOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE
Published in V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina, Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
S. Jeeva, Joselin Joseph, R. Mary Sujin
Analysis of the protein composition of the seeds showed the presence of globulins (39%), glutelins (36%), albumins (24%), and prolamins (1%). The content of branched amino acids is higher in H. suaveolens than in maize and other cereals (Aguirre et al., 2012); thus, it could provide a good supply of almost all the essential amino acids for different age groups. This medicinal plant therefore, has great potential for benefitting people in countries suffering from poverty and malnutrition. Though there has not been any report on the extensive use of this plant as food, its use in Asian food recipes as an appetizer is due to the presence of its essential oil (Witayapan et al., 2007; Aguirre et al., 2012). The herb Hyptis therefore serves as an edible aromatic flavoring agent for food. Leaves and seeds of H. suaveolens contain mineral elements which are very important in human nutrition. H. suaveolens has been shown to contain other metals such aszinc, copper, and iron. Zinc plays a vital role in growth, aids the catalytic and regulatory action of more than 300 enzymes, and helps to maintain a healthy immune system. Copper plays an important role in a wide range of physiological processes in the body which include iron utilization, elimination of free radicals, development of bone, and production of the skin and hair pigment called melanin (Umedum et al., 2013). Iron is used at the active site of many redox enzymes associated with cellular respiration, oxidation and reduction in plants and animals, and also plays a vital role in forming complexes with molecular oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin. The seed oil of H. suaveolens is liquid at room temperature and has moisture content and yield of 7.93% and 17.44%, respectively. The low moisture content shows that the oil can be stored for a long time. The physicochemical properties of the seed oil showed acid value of 3.3 mg KOH/g which falls within the acid value of 0.6 and 10 mg KOH/g for virgin and nonvirgin edible oil and fats (Dawodu, 2009; Rai et al., 2013) nearest to other conventional oils that are used for domestic and commercial purposes. The iodine value of 115.8 fell within the iodine value for nondrying liquid oils (80–120). This value is very close to that reported for mustard (108) and cotton seed oil (108) (Rai et al., 2013). The saponification value shows that it has less impurity. Fatty acid profile of the seeds revealed the presence of palmitic acid (8.09%), stearic acid (2.23%), oleic acid (13.59%), linoleic acid (76.08%), and absence of linolenic, palmitolic, and myristic acids (Rai et al., 2013). The polyunsaturated fatty acids found in the oil could help reduce bad cholesterol, thereby reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and other heart diseases.
The Quality Determination of Selected Commercial Online Purchased Edible Pomegranate Seed Oils With New Argentometric Liquid Chromatography Method
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Agnieszka Białek, PhD, DSc, Małgorzata Białek, PhD, Tomasz Lepionka, PhD, Elżbieta Tober, Marian Czauderna, PhD
As there are no legal regulations dedicated to PSO dietary supplements, standard analytical methods used for quality determination of edible oils have been applied. Refractive index (nD) was determined according to ISO 6320:2017 (ISO 2017). The content of double bonds was determined as iodine value (IV) according to ISO 3961:2018 and expressed as mg I2/100 g oil (ISO 2018). The content of hydroperoxides was determined as peroxide value (PV) according to ISO 3960:2017 (ISO 2017). Results are expressed as mEq O/kg oil. The content of free fatty acids was determined as acidic value (AV) according to ISO 660:2009 (ISO 2009). Results are expressed as mg KOH/g oil. The color of oil was performed in CIE L*a*b* system using a Minolta CR-400 chromatometer with glass cell (10 mm optical path) attachment CA-A98 (Konica Minolta, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), according to Moczkowska et al. (2017). The diameter of the measuring head was 8 mm. The device was calibrated on a white standard plate (L* = 98.45, a* = −0.10, b* = −0.13). Illuminant D65 (color temperature: 6500 K) and a standard observer (2°) were used. Color coordinates: L* (lightness or luminance), a* (greenness/redness), b* (blueness/yellowness) were measured at ten randomly selected places on each sample surface and expresses as mean of ten repetitions.
Consistent Iodine Status Assessment in Chinese Adults by Different Spot Urinary Iodine Concentrations in a Day Together With Corresponding Correction Coefficients
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Wendi Liu, Peng Zhang, Xin Zhao, Maocheng Sang, Xiaotong Liu, Lu Liu, Shiyan Liu, Haiyue Lin, Zhongna Sang
Mixed linear models showed that there were statistically significant differences in urinary iodine value among different time points (F = 11.702, p = 0.000). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in urinary iodine value between males and females (F = 1.235, p = 0.267). Moreover, there was also no statistically significant difference in the interaction between sex and time (F = 0.430, p = 0.651). Further pairwise comparisons of UIC in the three sampling time points showed that the UIC at 6:30 to 7:00 was lower than both that at 10:00 to 10:30 (157.69 μg/L vs 181.75 μg/L) and that at 16:00 to 16:30 (157.69 μg/L vs 198.15 μg/L), and the differences had statistical significance (t = −0.080, p = 0.012; t = −0.152, p = 0.000). In addition, UIC at 10:00 to 10:30 was lower than that at 16:00 to 16:30 (181.75 μg/L vs 198.15 μg/L), and the difference was also statistically significant (t = −0.072, p = 0.020).
Synergistic hepatoprotective effects of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids from Indian flax and sesame seed oils against CCl4-induced oxidative stress-mediated liver damage in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Sunil Chikkalakshmipura Gurumallu, Tareq Aqeel, Ashwini Bhaskar, Kannan Chandramohan, Rajesha Javaraiah
Variation in lipid parameters such as fatty acid content, oxidative stability, iodine value, saponification value, etc. was shown to be strong risk factors for various cardiovascular diseases and fatty liver. Earlier studies have demonstrated that hypercholesterolemic rats fed with a diet rich in flax and pumpkin seed mixtures exhibited significant decrement in atherogenic index, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL/HDL ratio, increased HDL level, and improvement in antioxidant status in hepatic tissue, and renal function (Makni et al.2008, FadlAlla et al.2014). This could be due to the presence of ALA and LA fatty acids and fibers present in the seeds. Thus, the results of our present investigation are in line with previous reports (FadlAlla 2014).