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Published in Ken Addley, MCQs, MEQs and OSPEs in Occupational Medicine, 2023
Best fit. A systematic review has shown that 18.7/100 healthcare workers have serologically proven influenza (often asymptomatic). Influenza vaccine is inactivated and is recommended in pregnancy. In a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, influenza vaccine was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.
Antimicrobials during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
The inactivated viruses include influenza and rabies. Obviously, the benefits of rabies vaccination (considering the high mortality of rabies of nearly 100 percent) far outweigh any theoretical risk to the fetus, which is actually unknown. Although influenza vaccines are not routinely recommended for all pregnant women, they may be efficacious in certain pregnant women with significant medical complications.
Viral Infections of the Lung
Published in Lourdes R. Laraya-Cuasay, Walter T. Hughes, Interstitial Lung Diseases in Children, 2019
Each year federal health care agencies recommend the manufacture of updated inactivated (killed) vaccines based on epidemiologic studies conducted internationally and predictions from these of what specific strains will hit the U.S. during the coming year.32 Although these vaccines, like all vaccines, are imperfect in terms of efficacy and have a significant, but acceptable, incidence of untoward reactions, it has been clearly determined that certain groups of high-risk individuals should be vaccinated on an annual basis. These high-risk individuals include children with chronic disease, especially cardiorespiratory disease. The second priority in terms of CDC recommendations for influenza vaccine prophylaxis includes children with chronic metabolic disease (e.g., diabetes), renal dysfunction, anemia, immunosuppression, or asthma. Influenza vaccine may be a problem to children who have had anaphylaxis to eggs. Influenza vaccine has been demonstrated to be totally safe even in brittle asthmatics. The influenza vaccines available at this time are inactivated vaccines. At the present time, live attenuated or temperature-sensitive mutant vaccines are not routinely available.
Effectiveness of on-site influenza vaccination strategy in Italian healthcare workers: a systematic review and statistical analysis
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2023
Francesco Paolo Bianchi, Pasquale Stefanizzi, Eustachio Cuscianna, Antonio Di Lorenzo, Andrea Martinelli, Silvio Tafuri
Vaccination is an effective measure of individual and collective protection from disease and is especially important for healthcare workers (HCWs). It protects both HCWs from occupational infectious diseases and patients from the risk of infection in the nosocomial environment. High vaccination coverage (VC) among HCWs also prevents absenteeism and guarantees the quality of health care services offered [1]. Among the recommended vaccinations, the influenza vaccine should be administered once a year, shortly before the flu season. In fact, HCWs are constantly in contact with a number of people (family members, other HCWs, patients, ward visitors) and are at a greater risk of exposure to influenza viruses than the general population; moreover, if infected (ill o incubating) they are potential contagion spreaders [2].
Understanding drivers of influenza vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in China: evidence from an extended theory of planned behavior
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Liuqing Yang, Guoping Yang, Qiang Wang, Tingting Cui, Naiyang Shi, Shixin Xiu, Lin Zhu, Xuepeng Xu, Hui Jin, Lili Ji
In addition to implementing the intervention externally, increasing the awareness of pregnancy women about the risk of influenza infection may also improve vaccination uptake. Although, vaccines other than the influenza vaccine are not routinely recommended for pregnant women. Influenza and pertussis vaccine have similarly been encouraged in pregnant women in many other countries, but pertussis vaccination had a higher uptake than influenza vaccination, which attributed to the fact that mothers are more convinced that pertussis is a more severe disease for infants, and the Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis) vaccination protects the newborn [58–60]. Therefore, it is essential to increase perception of influenza risk and provide pregnant women with more information to make infants the main beneficiaries of influenza vaccination. Our findings suggest that a direct effect between intention and hesitancy exists, and that indirect effects between various dimensions and hesitancy also exist. This indicates that for future questionnaires that use the TPB to probe vaccination beliefs, attentions should be given to distinguish intention from vaccine hesitancy.
The baculovirus expression vector system: a modern technology for the future of influenza vaccine manufacturing
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Claudia Maria Trombetta, Serena Marchi, Emanuele Montomoli
Despite being the most widely used system for vaccine manufacture, egg-based production has some limitations. First, a large number of eggs are needed in a short-time period, one or two eggs are required for each dose of vaccine, the process is labor-intensive and cumbersome, and the eggs need to be from specific pathogen-free flocks [5,26,27]. Moreover, the purification process is difficult, yielding a partially purified vaccine that could contain small amounts of egg protein. In addition, as allergy to eggs is one of the most common allergies in the pediatric population, and given the theoretical risk of an anaphylactic reaction, these vaccines have been not recommended to subjects with egg allergy [5,28–31]. Specifically, influenza vaccines have been contraindicated in subjects with severe egg allergic reaction. On the contrary, studies have shown that subjects with egg allergy can receive influenza vaccines since the amount of egg protein present in the vaccine is insufficient to trigger an allergic reaction [28,32–35]. Finally, antibiotics and preservatives are often used in the process, in order to maintain adequate sterility [36].