China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Folie à deux (et folie à plusiers)
Published in David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball, Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes, 2020
David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball
A key aspect is the nature of the relationship between the inducer and the induced. Traditionally, this has been viewed in terms of a dominant–submissive axis. Psychodynamically, the submissive induced person unconsciously acquires the characteristics of the more dominant inducer. This relationship has also been described and explained in terms of learning theory.
Gynaecology: Answers
Published in Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf, Get Through MRCOG Part 2: Short Answer Questions, 2020
Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf
Progestogen only and CulUD.Unprotected intercourse, condom accident.Levonorgestrel – within 72 hours, vomiting, advice re next period.CulUD more effective and up to 5 days.STI screen and antibiotic prophylaxis.Enzyme inducers.
Common/useful drugs
Published in Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson, Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, 2019
Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson
Interactions:☠metab by P450 3A4; inhibitors ↑levels and strong inhibitors** (clari-/ery-/josa-/telithromycin, itra-/ketoconazole, nelfi-/ritonavir, nefazodone) are CI but ↓doses can be given with fluconazole. Inducers ↓levels (inc rifampicin, barbiturates, phenytoin, St John's wort). Levels also ↑ by diltiazem and verapamil. ↑risk of VF with drugs that ↑QTc (inc amiodarone, disopyramide, mefloquine, pentamidine, pimozide, sertindole, sotalol) ☠.
Assessment of Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Five Common Species of Licorice and Their Phytochemical Constituents
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Mona H. Haron, Bharathi Avula, Zulfiqar Ali, Amar G. Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A. Khan, Jing Li, Vivian Wang, Charles Wu, Shabana I. Khan
Inhibition or induction of the enzymatic activity of CYP450 by many xenobiotics (35–37) and phytochemicals (15–17) can cause drug interaction. A CYP3A4 inhibitor can prolong the elimination of drug substrates leading to increased half-life and toxic drug accumulation in the liver (38). Alternatively, an inducer may lead to suboptimal drug concentrations and a reduced therapeutic effect of a specific drug/s due to faster metabolism (39). Moreover, the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes are oriented head-to-head, sharing a 23 kb bi-directional promoter, which contains at least 13 Ah-receptor (AhR) response elements, some of which appear to regulate transcription of both genes coordinately (40, 41). Consequently, both genes are highly inducible by numerous xenobiotics, which act as AhR ligands such as methylcholanthrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, β-naphthoflavone (41).
Effects of ginkgo leaf tablet on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in rats and its potential mechanism
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Xueting Xing, Mengzhu Kong, Qiaoyu Hou, Jiaqi Li, Wen Qian, Xijing Chen, Hanhan Li, Changqing Yang
One of the most critical biological processes impacting the blood concentration of drugs in vivo is the intrinsic metabolic clearance mediated by the hepatic CYP450 enzymes (Sathyanarayanan et al. 2020). Drugs are mainly used as substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of CYP450. Enzyme inducers can increase the activity of drug enzymes and reduce the exposure of substrates, resulting in loss of efficacy. Enzyme inhibitors may exceed the therapeutic index and lead to toxicity through downregulation of drug enzymes’ activity and a significant increase in substrate concentration (Di 2017). The FDA guideline from its website has identified and recommended ROS as an appropriate agent to assess the impact of a drug on CYP2C8 activity. ROS is metabolised mainly by CYP2C8 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C9 in the human liver (Kirchheiner et al. 2005). Therefore, drugs which influence CYP2C8 or CYP2C9 enzymes may affect the pharmacokinetics of ROS.
Curcumin analogs as the inhibitors of TLR4 pathway in inflammation and their drug like potentialities: a computer-based study
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2020
Md. Asad Ullah, Fatema Tuz Johora, Bishajit Sarkar, Yusha Araf, MD. Hasanur Rahman
(i). Inducers: Exogenous immune inducers (pathogens, virus, bacteria, allergens, etc.) or endogenous inducers (damaged cells and stress) result in infection. (ii). Sensors: Specific receptors, i.e. toll-like receptors (TLRs, sensors) recognize these inducers. These receptors are localized on the cell membrane of immune cells (mast cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages). (iii). Mediators: Immune cells release different types of mediators i.e. tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interferon-β (IFN-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) etc. which vary depending on the type of inducers. (iv). Inflammation in target tissue: Immune mediators elicit their inflammatory effects i.e. dilation of blood vessels, increased vascular permeability, movement of leukocytes from blood vessels to inured area, etc. on target tissues [3,4].