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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders Induced by Ethanol
Published in Victor R. Preedy, Ronald R. Watson, Alcohol and the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2017
Ali Keshavarzian, Jeremy Z. Fields
Similar to data on acute effects of ethanol on colonic motility, data on the effects of chronic ethanol on colonic motility are sparse. Using a nonabsorbable marker, indigo carmine, Wegener et al.5 demonstrated that whole gut transit which is predominantly influenced by colonic transit is normal in alcoholics that had just recovered from a withdrawal syndrome. But, whole gut transit was significantly more prolonged in alcoholics with constipation (21.9 h) compared to alcoholics without constipation (8.4 h) or normals (11.9 h). However, this abnormality could be more a result of constipation rather than of alcoholism.
Unilateral Hemi-Laminotomy for Bilateral Lumbar Decompression (Segmental Sublaminoplasty)
Published in Alexander R. Vaccaro, Christopher M. Bono, Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 2007
Moe R. Lim, Jason Young, Paul H. Young, Joon Y. Lee, Alan S. Hilibrand
The lateral iliac crest provides the best superficial landmark to help localize the lower lumbar levels. Generally, the bony lateral iliac crest is in the same level as the L4–5 interspace. This provides a convenient landmark as L4–5 is the most commonly involved level. The exact relationship of the L4–5 interspace to the lateral iliac crest can also be confirmed by examining the AP and lateral radiographs. To identify the correct level, we use localizing needles with a preincision lateral radiograph. First, a preliminary skin prep is performed prior to draping. For the L4–5 level, two 18-gauge spinal needles are then inserted obliquely off the midline and onto the lateral spinous processes of L4 and L5. A lateral radiograph is then obtained. Two needles are used to increase the probability that the needle will identify the correct level and will allow the distance between the two needles to be used as a reference length on the magnified radiograph. Once the correct level is confirmed, the level of the correct needle is marked on the skin and 0.5 cc of indigo carmine is slowly injected into the soft tissue as the needle is withdrawn. Once the skin is incised, this dye is followed to bone to direct the surgeon to the correct surgical level. The skin is then reprepped for the procedure. Of note, the indigo carmine may cause the patient’s urine to temporarily turn light blue or green.
Anesthesia for Urogenital Surgery
Published in Kevin R. Loughlin, Complications of Urologic Surgery and Practice, 2007
Linda S. Aglio, James A. Street, Paul D. Allen
Radical intrapelvic prostactomy is often performed in conjunction with a pelvic node dissection. It is indicated for localized prostate cancer, or as a salvage procedure after radiation (47). The entire prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, and part of the bladder neck are removed. The prostate is approached anteriorly, and the dissection then proceeds from the bladder downward (Walsh) to preserve sexual function. The remaining bladder neck is anastomosed directly to the urethra over an indwelling catheter. Indigo carmine is given intravenously to visualize the ureters. Although blood loss varies, this procedure carries the potential for major blood loss. Two large bore intravenous catheters are required. Some patients will need direct arterial blood pressure monitoring. Some individuals advocate central venous pressure monitoring (48). Although it is seldom used, Albin et al. (49) suggested the use of a precordial Doppler to monitor for venous air embolism.
Performance of chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Nhu Thi Hanh Vu, Duc Trong Quach, Ngoc Le Bich Dang, Quang Dinh Le, Doan Thi Nha Nguyen, Huy Minh Le, Nhan Quang Le, Toru Hiyama
The first group is the group of patients undergoing WLE alone. In the second group, WLE was first performed and later changed to NBI mode combined with chromoendoscopy. Indigo carmine dye was used for staining. All patients in both groups were obtained three mapping biopsies along the small curvature according to the updated Sydney Protocol: one from the antrum 2–3 cm proximally to the pylorus, one from the incisura angularis, and one from the lesser curvature about 4 cm proximally to the incisura angularis. In the group of patients examined with chromoendoscopy and NBI, the intended locations for mapping biopsies were marked using still endoscopic images after WLE examination. And mapping biopsies were only performed after the examination with chromoendoscopy and NBI to avoid poor observation of endoscopic lesions due to possible bleeding from the prior biopsy sites. If local lesions suspected of GIM and/or dysplasia which located outside of mapping biopsy location was detected during chromoendoscopy combined with NBI, further targeted biopsy would be taken. The time duration used for endoscopic evaluation of gastric mucosa with WLE was set at five minutes for all patients in both groups. An additional 5-min examination time was set for chromoendoscopy combined with NBI. The examination time did not include biopsy and dye spraying time. The detailed steps of patient recruitment and endoscopic examination are presented in Figure 1.
Accelerated shelf life modeling of appearance change in drug products using ASAPprime ®
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Kristina Flavier, James McLellan, Teslin Botoy, Kenneth C. Waterman
Indigo carmine is a pH-sensitive dye with known incompatibilities with oxidizing and reducing agents (Sheskey et al. 2017). For this study, example tablets were formulated with indigo carmine and lactose to cause reduction of the dye and fading of the tablet color from blue to white (Kuramoto et al. 1958). There exist extensive reports in the literature (Vemuri 1985; Shephard et al. 1999; Hiatt et al. 2010, 2011; Jutkus et al. 2015) documenting the color change of L-ascorbic acid in solution, powder, and tablet forms at high temperature and humidity. The primary mechanism of degradation involves the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid, resulting in a color change from white to yellow or brown. For this study, L-ascorbic acid stability was evaluated in powder form below the deliquescence point. As such, critical relative humidity (CRH) measurements were conducted on L-ascorbic acid to determine the deliquescence point over the temperature range used in the study and ensure that targeted stress conditions remained below the CRH at each temperature.
Comparison between patch test results of natural dyes and standard allergens in batik workers with occupational contact dermatitis
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2022
Eka Devinta Novi Diana, Suci Widhiati, Moerbono Mochtar, Muhammad Eko Irawanto
Several previous studies that discussed research on contact allergy to Indigofera tinctoria, Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan), and mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) also supported this research. Indigofera tinctoria contains several components with small weight mollecule, including phenol (94.11 Da), indigotin (262.26 Da), and indirubin (262.26 Da)7,8. Graziano et al. reported an acute allergic reaction that occurred after intravenous administration of Indigo carmine (indigotin) during cystoscopy9. Besides that, a case report of the occurrence of OCD with a positive patch test for the content of brazilin in sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan) was reported in a 49-year-old woman in China10. Estlander et al. reported that there were 16 subjects experiencing ACD caused by wood dust at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Finland, with a positive patch test for Honduran mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) found in 2 subjects11. Based on the research that has been done previously, the authors are interested in conducting further research on the effects of these three ingredients when compared to standard allergens that cause ACD.