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Neurological manifestations of West Nile virus
Published in Avindra Nath, Joseph R. Berger, Clinical Neurovirology, 2020
Daniel E. Smith, J. David Beckham, Daniel M. Pastula, Kenneth L. Tyler
The mainstay of prevention revolves around avoiding mosquito bites with insect repellants that contain DEET, picaridin, IR3535, or oil of lemon eucalyptus [73]. It is recommended to wear long-clothing and to make home modifications to prevent mosquito accessibility and breeding by installing screens on windows or using air conditioning. It is important to eliminate sources of standing water including pots, bowls, and rubber tires. If sleeping outside, the use of a mosquito bed net is recommended [73].
Novel UV Filtering Agents for Next-Generation Cosmetics: From Phytochemicals to Inorganic Nanomaterials
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Newer chemical compounds, such as bemotrizinol, avobenzone, bisoctizole, benzophenone-3 (BZ-3, oxybenzone), and octocrylene, are broad-spectrum agents and are effective against a broad range of solar spectrum both in experimental models and outdoor settings. Ecamsule (terephthalylidene dicamphor sulphonic acid), dometrizole trisiloxane, bemotrizinol, and bisoctrizole are considered organic UVA sunscreening agents. Nevertheless, insect repellents, such as picaridin and N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), have been incorporated into sunscreening agents to minimize the risk of developing insect-borne infections. Picardin was found to be a more suitable component than DEET when used along with BZ-3, as it minimizes the penetration of chemicals (Latha et al., 2013).
Pros and Cons of Insect Repellents
Published in Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard, The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard
Picaridin (Figure 32.3), also known as Bayrepel®, is an effective alternative to DEET products that provides long-lasting protection against mosquito bites.9 This relatively new repellent has been used worldwide since 1998. As opposed to DEET, picaridin is nearly odorless, does not cause skin irritation, and has no adverse effect on plastics; however, even though the product is long lasting and effective against mosquitoes, in some cases it does not provide protection for as long as DEET.10,11 One field study demonstrated 5-hour protection against Culex annulirostris mosquitoes with picaridin vs. 7-hour protection with DEET.10 The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children should probably not be exposed to picaridin concentrations higher than 10%, and the CDC says it should not be used on babies less than 2 months old.
Zika virus in Brazil and worldwide: a narrative review
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2021
Marlos Melo Martins, Roberto De Andrade Medronho, Antônio José Ledo Alves Da Cunha
Repellents applied to the skin are a part of preventive care for arboviruses. The most used repellents are DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), IR3535 and Icaridin. The repellent effect of IR3535 is observed at concentrations above 10% and its use in a concentration of 10–30% is accepted. A concentration of 12.5% can be prescribed for children under 2 years of age. DEET-based products are allowed for children over 2 months of age in a concentration of up to 30%. Icaridin formulations containing 5–10% may be used for children over 6 months of age. Repellents should be applied to exposed areas of the body and clothing, and spray should be applied to the face or, in children, by first spraying the product on the palms and then applying it to the face or body, followed by thorough hand-washing [74].