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Published in Samar Razaq, Difficult Cases in Primary Care, 2021
The acronym HOP helps remember the presenting features of nephrotic syndrome. The triad of hypoalbuminaemia (and hyperlipidaemia), oedema and proteinuria indicate the presence of nephrotic syndrome. In children it is caused mainly by two idiopathic diseases: (1) minimal change nephrotic syndrome and (2) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. An increased risk of infectious complications among children with nephrotic syndrome has long been recognised. Cellulitis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis are not too infrequent complications of nephrotic syndrome and one should be on guard against their development. Children should receive pneumococcal vaccination. Overwhelming bacterial infection in nephrotic syndrome still carries a significant mortality rate and hence should not be taken lightly when seen in primary care. Thromboembolic complications are also more common in nephrotic syndrome because of the hypercoagulable state it encourages. They are, however, less common in children than in adults. Hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, hypercoagulability and use of steroids as treatment all increase the cardiovascular risk in sufferers of nephrotic syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency due to loss of vitamin D–binding protein through the kidney may lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Progression to end-stage renal disease may be inevitable for some children who end up requiring dialysis. Children who respond to steroids will tend to have the best long-term prognosis.
Atlas of Autofluorescence in Plant Pharmaceutical Materials
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
Hop, Humulus lupulus L., is used as a natural sedative drug to calm the nerves and reduce stress and anxiety (Duke 2002; Chadwick et al. 2006; Murav’eva et al. 2007; Efremov 2014). It has anticancer effects (Fang and Ng 2013) and demonstrates estrogenic properties (Chadwick et al. 2006). For centuries, this plant has been used to reduce nervous tension or to promote a good night’s rest by counteracting the effects of sleeplessness and insomnia. Moreover, it is also well known as the preservative and flavor used to make beer. There is a good publication about secretory structures (Melnychuk et al. 2013), in which channels of the schizogenous-lysigenous type, active during the stage of rapid shoot growth, have been discovered. Most information about the cultivation and use of hops is concentrated in a special atlas devoted to the species (Melnichuk et al. 2014).
Motor development and postural control
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
Galloping seems to be favored by boys, whereas girls prefer skipping. Skipping is a step-hop pattern, with the step longer than the hop before the pattern is repeated on the opposite side of the body. For a mature pattern, precise timing and control is essential because the transfer of weight and the shift to step-hop on the opposite side is intricate. Skipping occurs at 6 or 7 years from a mature hopping pattern. As hopping proficiency increases, the movement adds a step on one side of the body. With the improvement of balance, the step-hop pattern becomes an ingrained movement on the opposite side of the body. Final development of skipping includes the refinement of both the arms and legs as well as elevation and control of the movement.
Sleep-promoting activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) rhizome water extract via GABAA receptors
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yejin Ahn, Singeun Kim, Chunwoong Park, Jung Eun Kim, Hyung Joo Suh, Kyungae Jo
Medicinal herbs are the most common alternatives for improving sleep disorders. They have been used for many years, have fewer side effects, and are considered safe. Herbs that have shown to improve sleep disorders through oral administration include ashwagandha [Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Solanaceae)], hops [Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabinaceae)], lemon balm [Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)], German chamomile [Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae)], valerian [Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae)] and lettuce [Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae)] (Kim et al. 2018; Borras et al. 2021; Jo et al. 2021a). Additionally, sleep-promoting and sedative effects of essential oil from leaves of Dysphania ambrosioides L. (Amaranthaceae) (Dougnon and Ito 2021) and Pogostemon cablin Benth. (Lamiaceae) (Ito et al. 2016), respectively, via inhalation, have been reported. The sedative effect of methanol extract of Dorstenia arifolia Lam. (Moraceae) was also confirmed through intraperitoneal injection in a mouse model (Zapata-Sudo et al. 2010). Therefore, these results suggest that herbal medicines can exhibit beneficial effects through various routes such as oral, inhalation and intraperitoneal.
Bipedal hopping as a new measure to detect subtle sensorimotor impairment in people with multiple sclerosis
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Megan C. Kirkland, Katie P. Wadden, Michelle Ploughman
MS is a heterogeneous disease with large inter-patient variability in lesion sizes and locations within the CNS, sequelae of lesions, and degree of neurodegeneration. Because multiple variables can be examined from walkway outputs during the BHT, the test may not only be useful in early detection but also to discern the exact movement impairment (i.e., power, coordination). Such information is important in order to direct the appropriate type of intervention. For instance, decreased hop length could suggest a decrease in muscle strength or potential lesion or degeneration within the corticospinal tract. This result on the BHT would direct clinicians toward providing a resistance training-based rehabilitation approach in order to improve muscle strength. In another scenario, a person with MS may have normal hop length but have greater CoP movement upon landing a hop, indicating a balance impairment. Thus, rehabilitation could be focused more on balance, proprioception, core muscle training, and stability in order to improve balance and reduce the risk of falls. Therefore, by measuring multiple domains of impairment in one test, the type of deficit can be identified and appropriate rehabilitation can be implemented, ideally delaying progression of the impairment.
Moderate Beer Consumption Modifies Tumoral Growth Parameters and Pyrrolidone Carboxypeptidase Type-I and Type-II Specific Activities in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Mammary Gland Axis in an Animal Model of Breast Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
María Jesús Ramirez-Expósito, José Manuel Martínez-Martos, Vanesa Cantón-Habas, María del Pilar Carrera-González
Beer is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages, being the third among general drinks. Currently, multiple types of beer exist, differentiated by the ingredients used and the brewing processes performed. However, the addition of hops (Humulus lupulus) improves its flavor and gives it a protective effect derived from its reducing capacity of pH and antibacterial activity (23–26). Moreover, beer also contains phenolic compounds as secondary metabolites of plants which contribute to its color and aroma. These components also show antioxidant properties (27,28). In the last few years, the beneficial effects of beer compounds on human health have received special attention from the scientific community. Not only the antioxidant but also the anti-inflammatory, anticancer, estrogenic, and even antiviral properties associated with beer intake have been described to be associated with these phenolic compounds (29–31). Specifically, xanthohumol seems to exert anticancer chemopreventive activity in the early stages of the carcinogenic process (28,32) in in vitro experiments (33–35). Conversely, compounds like 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) have been described as one of the most potent isolated phytoestrogens (36,37). The administration of 8-PN represents a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of menopausal and post-menopausal symptoms that occur as a consequence of a progressive decline in hormone levels (38), but it could also interfere in hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer.