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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Hexamidine is a polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of hexane-1,6-diol. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent and an antiseptic drug. It is not always clear in literature (or data are unknown) whether ‘hexamidine’ means hexamidine base, or its salt hexamidine diisethionate (Chapter 3.166). Hexamidine diisethionate is present in the antiseptic and anti-infective preparation Hexomedine ®, which is widely used, especially in France. It cannot be excluded and is probably likely, that some of the data below refer to the diisethionate salt rather than to hexamidine itself. See also Chapter 3.166 Hexamidine diisethionate.
Acute Rejection Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Penetrating Keratoplasty in a Young Male – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Elisa Marziali, Roberta Pasqualetti, Giacomo Bacci, Cinzia de Libero, Roberto Caputo
The patient had a corneal graft (18 months before) due to a severe Acanthamoeba keratitis. He was a contact lens wearer. The diagnosis was made based on the results of the laboratory testing (corneal and conjunctival swabs and lens liquid culture). The patient was treated with Polyaminopropyl Biguanide (PHMB) and Hexamidine di-isetionate 0.1% (Desomedine) eye drops 6 times daily while cyclopentolate eye drops was administered once per day for 3 months. After 3 months of therapy Desomedine and Ciclopentolate were stopped, while PHMB was tapered to 4 times a day for 1 month and then 3 times a day for another month. After 4 months from the infection, the clinical picture significantly improved, and the patient presented a corneal scar with no signs of inflammation.
Diagnostics and management approaches for Acanthamoeba keratitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Nóra Szentmáry, Lei Shi, Loay Daas, Berthold Seitz
Hexamidin-diisoethionat (C24H38N4O10S2) is a hydrosoluble antimicrobial cationic substance and there are also no data available on its pharmacokinetic properties and preclinical safety. Its amoebicidal properties emerged in the 1990s. The assumption is that it binds to negatively charged lipid membranes of pathogens, similar to the quaternary ammonium compounds. However, the exact mechanism of its biocidal action is unknown. Hexamidine and its shorter congener, propamidine, are also used as antiseptics and preservatives in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis: an update on amebicidal and cysticidal drug screening methodologies and potential treatment with azole drugs
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Brian Shing, Mina Balen, James H. McKerrow, Anjan Debnath
Hexamidine was originally developed as a trypanocidal agent [79]. More recently, it is now formulated into a number of over-the-counter medications as an antiseptic and antimicrobial agent [80]. For Acanthamoeba keratitis treatment, it was first reported by Brasseur et al (1994) that topical 0.1% hexamidine successfully cleared a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis recalcitrant to propamidine treatment [81]. Since then, hexamidine has been utilized in conjunction with a number of other antimicrobials, such as chlorhexidine, PHMB, and propamidine to successfully treat patients [77].