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The Role of Neutrophils and Reactive Oxygen Metabolites in Reperfusion Injury
Published in John J. Lemasters, Constance Oliver, Cell Biology of Trauma, 2020
Barbara J. Zimmerman, D. Neil Granger
The Haber-Weiss reaction occurs at a rate too low to be of physiological significance; however, the reaction can be accelerated by the presence of iron, which acts as a catalyst. The role of iron in reperfusion-induced hydroxyl radical production has been assessed by determining whether an iron chelator (deferoxamine) or an iron-binding protein (apotransferrin) provided protection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced increases of permeability in the small intestine.9 Pretreatment with either deferoxamine or apotransferrin significantly attenuated the increase in microvascular permeability following reperfusion. The observation that iron-loaded deferoxamine or transferrin did not protect the intestine against reperfusion injury argues against a nonspecific protective effect of these iron-binding compounds.
Biochemical Aspects of Fatty Liver
Published in Robert G. Meeks, Steadman D. Harrison, Richard J. Bull, Hepatotoxicology, 2020
In the presence of iron, and H2O2 can generate OH−, as well as OH· free radicals. This can occur either by Fenton or by Haber-Weiss reaction: Fenton reaction: Haber-Weiss reaction:
Local Stress-Limiting Systems and their Cardioprotective Effects
Published in Felix Z. Meerson, Alexander V. Galkin, Adaptive Protection of The Heart: Protecting Against Stress and Ischemic Damage, 2019
Felix Z. Meerson, Alexander V. Galkin
The scheme in Figure 9 depicts that familiar chain of events: the superoxide anion derived from several sources dismutates in the SOD reaction to a less dangerous compound, hydrogen peroxide, which is then disposed of by GPO and catalase. It is easily conceivable that the near-complete inactivation of GPO shown above would lead to accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of substantial amounts of variable-valency metals, and first of all iron, this would inevitably result in immense activation of the Haber-Weiss reaction and intense generation of the rather toxic hydroxyl radical. This detrimental situation becomes self-sustaining, since the superoxide anion under conditions of acidosis can inhibit catalase, and hydrogen peroxide inhibits SOD. The combined action of the three active oxygen forms results in profound damage to cell structures, increasing calcium concentration and its cardiotoxic effect, actuating or potentiating the whole pathogenetic chain of ischemic damage.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Host Iron (Fe)-Redox Homeostasis (Fe-R-H): Role of Fe-Redox Regulators, Ferroptosis Inhibitors, Anticoagulants, and Iron-Chelators in COVID-19 Control
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Sreus A.G. Naidu, Roger A. Clemens, A. Satyanarayan Naidu
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines that stimulate synthesis of both ferritin and hepcidin, which are ultimate mediators of Fe-R-H dysregulation (17). Inflammation alters Fe-R-H as reflected by high iron content in reticuloendothelial cells and consequently high serum ferritin levels. If the iron-binding capacity of TF in the blood exceeds, free iron could be traced in the plasma in a redox-active state known as the labile plasma iron (LPI) that could form tissue damaging toxic free radicals (ROS/RNS) and cause subsequent fibrosis (78). Notably, a ferritin/TF ratio >10 predicts a five-fold higher risk of ICU admission and an eight-fold higher risk of the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients (79). Excess iron load also generates ROS through Haber-Weiss reaction, which leads to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis (80). Taken together, hyperferritinemia, cellular Fe-redox imbalance and iron dysregulation play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (81) (Figure 3).
Photoperiod-dependent changes in oxidative stress markers in the blood of Shetland pony mares and stallions involved in recreational horseback riding
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Natalia Kurhaluk, Oleksandr Lukash, Halyna Tkachenko
Antioxidant enzyme activities were used in our study as biomarkers of adaptive responses to exercise in the blood of mares and stallions at the four different photoperiods. Our study on the activity of three main antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) have demonstrated upregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant defenses in these conditions (Table 2). As SOD provides the first line of defense against produced superoxide radicals, the increased SOD activity could reduce the exposure to superoxide and even to hydroxyl radicals formed via the Haber-Weiss reaction. It is possible, however, that the activity of this enzyme determined in our studies had higher statistically significant values of variability (F15.152 = 8.34; p = .000) compared to the activity of СAT (F15.152 = 4.18; p = .000) or GPx (F15.152 = 5.95; p = .000). This was also confirmed by the correlation (R) and determination coefficients and the corrected form of the latter used in the statistical analysis.
A review on proteomics analysis to reveal biological pathways and predictive proteins in sulfur mustard exposed patients: roles of inflammation and oxidative stress
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2019
Hojat Borna, Seyed Hojjat Hosseini Qale Noe, Asghar Beigi Harchegani, Nima Rahmani Talatappe, Mahdi Ghatrehsamani, Mostafa Ghanei, Alireza Shahriary
Transferrin is an extracellular iron-binding protein which protects tissues from iron-induced OS. Since it prevents iron involvement in free radical production within the Haber–Weiss reaction, transferrin can be considered as an important component of serum antioxidant defense system (Hawkins, 2007). Recent studies have shown that serum level of transferrin is associated with the activities of several enzymatic antioxidants such as serum paraoxonase-1, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (Matusiewicz et al., 2017). A more recent study on proteome analysis of serum in SM exposed patients with chronic ocular injury has revealed decreased level of transferrin compared to healthy individuals (Pashandi et al., 2015) (Table 1). Decreased level of transferrin is also reported in serum of different active inflammatory diseases (Matusiewicz et al., 2017). Therefore, reduction in transferrin levels in serum of SM exposed individuals may reflect severity of inflammation and OS in these patients (Figure 2).