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Insight into Knapsack Metabolite Ecology Database: A Comprehensive Source of Species: Voc-Biological Activity Relationships
Published in Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig, Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
Azian Azamimi Abdullah, M.D. Altaf-Ul-Amin, Shigehiko Kanaya
VOCs constitute only a small proportion of the total number of secondary metabolites produced by living organisms, however, because of their important roles in chemical ecology specifically in the biological interactions between organisms and ecosystems, revealing and analyzing the roles of these VOCs is essential for understanding the interdependence of organisms. The total amount of VOCs emitted globally to the atmosphere is estimated to exceed 1 Pg per year, and these VOCs include mainly plant-produced VOCs, isoprene, monoterpenes and other oxygenated carbon compounds, such as herbivore-induced volatiles and green leaf volatiles (Iijima, 2014). Many studies have been performed that showed the emission of VOCs from plants occur as significant cues, signals, or defense responses to wounding, herbivore infestation, pathogen infection, and pollination. The emitted VOCs are responsible for internal and external communication between plants and herbivores, pathogens, pollinators, and parasitoids. Plants emit VOCs from their roots, leaves, fruits and flowers and use these compounds internally as defensive and signaling systems to induce levels of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to pests and diseases. Some VOCs, such as methyl jasmonate α-pinene, camphene, and 1,8-cineol may inhibit the growth of other plants. VOCs produced by plant organs such as fruits and flowers also can act as external signaling molecules or semiochemicals by attracting pollinators and seed dispersers (Delory et al., 2016). They also contribute to the attraction of pest insects and beneficial insect predators in tritrophic interactions. Apart from plants, VOCs also act as a major communication among insects and other arthropods. Female insects use specific VOCs as sex pheromones to attract mates. Insects also use VOCs to mark pathways between nest and food and for defense.
Volatile composition, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity potential of Brassica incana leaf and flowering top extracts
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Maria Fernanda Taviano, Sonia Núñez, Adrián Millán-Laleona, Concetta Condurso, Antonella Verzera, Maria Merlino, Monica Ragusa, Natalizia Miceli, Víctor López
These results are quite different from those reported in our previous study on the volatiles of B. incana leaves (Tripodi et al. 2012); this can be explained considering that previously the SPME extraction technique was directly applied to the fresh plant leaves, and the characteristic “green leaf” volatiles, such as (E)-2-hexanal (leaf aldehyde), (Z)-3-hexenol (leaf alcohol) and, in general, C6 aldehydes and alcohols, resulted the main constituents of the leaf headspace; instead isothiocyanates were the main volatiles of the hydroalcoholic extract of B. incana leaves. Isothiocyanates arise from the glucosinolate hydrolysis after plant cell rupture, and in case of the hydroalcoholic extract, the procedure for sample preparation certainly favoured their formation (Fenwick et al. 1983). However, in both cases the class of isothiocyanates was constituted mostly of 3-butenyl isothiocyanate.