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Honey-Based Polyphenols: Extraction, Quantification, Bioavailability, and Biological Activities
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Csilla Benedek, John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu, Zsanett Bodor, Zoltan Kovacs
Heated honey can be harmful due to the release of 5-hydroxymethylfur-fural (5-HMF), a toxic compound produced through the Maillard reaction [6]. However, some research reports have suggested potential benefits of this practice. Heated honey is believed to increase the immune-stimulatory effect [68] for the management of various types of diseases. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the glycoprotein that is responsible for stimulating bone marrow to produce and release stem cells into the bloodstream. Its secretion from enterocytes is a combination of temperature and time-dependent processes that can be induced by heating the honey [68], Melanoidins from temperature treated honey have exhibited peroxyl radical-scavenging activity [50].
Breast Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Amy Case, Gwenllian Edwards, Catherine Pembroke
Treatment duration ranges from 4 to 8 cycles (12–24 weeks) depending on regime and recurrence risk. Support with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF should be considered with dose-dense schedules).41 Data looking specifically at the elderly population are lacking; however, there should be no upper age-limit of when to offer adjuvant chemotherapy. Decisions should be made following thorough assessment of the patient’s physical fitness and detailed discussion of the risks and benefits.
Pathophysiological Responses to Endotoxin in Humans
Published in Helmut Brade, Steven M. Opal, Stefanie N. Vogel, David C. Morrison, Endotoxin in Health and Disease, 2020
Anthony F. Suffredini, Naomi P. O’Grady
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), an important growth factor and activator of neutrophils, has been proposed as a means to enhance host responses during infection. When G-CSF is given 12 hours prior to endotoxin (S. abortus equii) administration, neutro-phil numbers rose approximately sevenfold above control values at baseline (93). Subsequent endotoxin-associated increases in temperature were enhanced, while the severity of symptoms and increases in heart rate were unchanged (93). Levels of TNF, sTNFR, and IL-lra were greater than the control responses, while IL-6 levels were similar (93).
Application of G-CSF in high-leukocyte acute myeloid leukemia is a poor prognostic factor
Published in Hematology, 2023
Ping Weng, Shu Yang, Shujuan Xu, Shuxia Zhang, Yong Wu, Yuanzhong Chen
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a very important cytokine in vivo; it mediates its effects by binding to a special homodimer receptor, G-CSFR, activating the complex signal transduction system, which includes the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation and survival of granulocyte cells, stimulating the secretion of blood vessels in granulocytes, mobilizing bone marrow stem cells to peripheral blood and inducing T cells to undergo immune tolerance in stem cell grafts [1]. The use of G-CSF can promote the recovery of granulocytes after chemotherapy in cancer patients, shorten the duration of granulocytopenia, and reduce the incidence of infection and related mortality. G-CSF can also drive malignant cells into the cell cycle, increasing sensitivity to cell cycle-specific chemotherapy, and it is widely used in chemotherapy among elderly, hypoplastic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients [2,3].
Approval of biosimilars: a review of unsuccessful regulatory filings
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Anurag S. Rathore, Hemlata Chhabra, Ankita Bhargava
There are 83 biosimilar development programs (BDPs) registered with the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for 38 different biologic drugs (as of September 2019), and the goal of BDP is to demonstrate biosimilarity between the proposed biosimilar product and the reference product, not to independently establish the safety and effectiveness of the proposed product [16]. Biosimilars for at least 23 different original biologics are in late-stage development in the US [17]. US FDA approved its first biosimilar through the 351 k pathway in 2015 but has since approved a total of 26 biosimilars within the product classes of: 1) anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), 2) monoclonal antibodies, and 3) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. In addition, three follow-on biologicals in the product classes of insulin (Admelog and Basaglar) and teriparatide (PF708) have been approved for use in the US. However, only nine of these approved biosimilars are on the market. All the products approved so far have been approved as biosimilars, not as interchangeable products [18]. A summary of the pending biosimilar applications at the US FDA is provided in Table 2Table 3Table 4 [19]. The drugs that are set to lose their patents in the US include Lucentis (2020), Soliris (2021), Humira (2022), and Stelara (2023) [15].
Negative prognostic implications of splenomegaly in nivolumab-treated advanced or recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Published in OncoImmunology, 2021
Shih-Hung Yang, Li-Chun Lu, Hsiang-Fong Kao, Bang-Bin Chen, Ting-Chun Kuo, Sung-Hsin Kuo, Yu-Wen Tien, Li-Yuan Bai, Ann-Lii Cheng, Kun-Huei Yeh
Various regimens of either single-agent nivolumab (n = 5) or a combination of nivolumab and chemotherapy had been used (Table 2). A biweekly schedule was chosen. Only 4 patients had been treated with more than one regimen of nivolumab-based combination therapy. The median number of doses was 3 (1–22). The median dose was 2.5 (0.25–3) mg/kg. Moreover, 40 (89%) and 27 (60%) patients were treated with doses of ≥2 and ≥2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor had been used in 25 (56%) patients, mainly for prophylaxis or rescue of chemotherapy-associated neutropenia. Furthermore, 8 patients had been treated with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy, and 6 of them had received CIK cell therapy after several doses (5–14) of nivolumab-based combination chemotherapy.