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Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Indole-3-carbinol (Figure 12.27) is found in relatively high amounts in cruciferous vegetables such as brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and kale. It is produced by the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucobrassicin, which is also found in high concentrations in these cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol is reported to have anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antiatherogenic, and cancer chemoprevention properties.
Prospects of Local Flora of Trans-Himalayan Region of Ladakh for Various Medicinal Uses
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Medicinal Plants, 2018
Gyan P. Mishra, Tsering Stobdan, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Tania Seth, Bijendra Singh
From the roots, indole glucosinolates like glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin and 4- methoxyglucobrassicin were isolated. The homologous polyphenols cappaprenol-12, cappaprenol-13 and cappaprenol-14 with 12, 13 and 14 isoprene units respectively were also isolated (Germano et al. 2002). They are used as drugs for acute viral hepatitis, and are a major constituent of the herbal formulation Liv 52, which is useful in liver disorders (Mathur et al. 1986).
Dietary Diindolylmethane Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Centchroman in Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Neoangiogenesis
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Dhanamjai Penta, Jagadish Natesh, Priya Mondal, Syed Musthapa Meeran
Numerous studies have shown that consuming cruciferous vegetables lowers breast cancer risk [59, 60]. DIM is one of the key bioactive and is readily metabolized in cruciferous vegetables. The major bioactive precursor in cruciferous vegetables is glucosinolates, which are subdivided into glucobrassicin and glucoraphanin [60]. Glucobrassicin is the most abundant glucosinolate present in the Brassicaceae family. I3C, the precursor of DIM, is the enzymatic product of glucobrassicin. The average human consumption of glucosinolates varies in different countries and is estimated at around 0.5 µM/kg/d [61]. However, the major limitation of dietary bioactives, including DIM, is poor bioavailability. The DIM content largely varies in each vegetable and the age of the plant, cultivar, and storage of the vegetable, as well as the method of preparation [60]. Albeit, the concentration and bioavailability of DIM can be enhanced by different enrichment processes such as cooking, fermentation, and nanoformulations. The concentration of DIM has been shown to increase during cooking due to the thermal activation of the myrosinase enzyme, which converts DIM from the I3C [62]. There was a six folds increase in DIM concentration in boiled cabbage compared with uncooked cabbage [62]. Nevertheless, information on the consumption of different cruciferous vegetables and their adjuvant therapeutic effect on chemotherapeutics is currently lacking. The current study shows the adjuvant therapeutic effect of DIM with CC against the angiogenesis of TNBC tumors.
Effectiveness of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Supplements on Favoring the Benign Estrogen Metabolism Pathway and Decreasing Body Fat in Premenopausal Women
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Estela Godínez-Martínez, René Santillán, Reyna Sámano, Gabriela Chico-Barba, Mari Cruz Tolentino, Jessica Hernández-Pineda
Cruciferous vegetables—of the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)—include broccoli, bok choy, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale, brussels sprouts, and kohlrabi. These plants contain bioactive precursor compounds known as glucosinolates. One such glucosinolate is glucobrassicin, which yields various indoles after enzymatic breakdown by the plant-derived enzyme myrosinase. One of these multiple indoles is indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a relatively unstable compound. A pH-dependent, acid-catalyzed condensation rapidly converts I3C to its dimer 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) (17).
Cancer prevention and treatment using combination therapy with natural compounds
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2020
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is produced by the breakdown of the compound glucosinolate glucobrassicin, which is present in cruciferous vegetables including broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and brussels sprouts. There are in vitro reports that I3C has anticancer effects, especially on cells driven by alterations in EGFR, Akt, and NFκB [82]. On the other hand, it has been shown to promote tumor formation in rodents and trout [83]. Most human studies reported to date have assessed tolerability. Additional studies to assess efficacy are ongoing [84].