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Endocrine Disorders, Contraception, and Hormone Therapy during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Glipizide is a sulfonylurea drug used to treat noninsulin-dependent diabetes. In one study of 147 infants born to women who took glipizide during embryogenesis the frequency of congenital anomalies was not increased compared to infants born to women who took another sulfonylurea, used insulin, or controlled their diabetes with diet (Towner et al., 1995).
Traditional Malay Ulam for Healthy Ageing
Published in Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon, Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
Jamia Azdina Jamal, Khairana Husain
An aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (200 mg/kg) orally administered to male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes significantly reduced blood glucose levels in normal rats and normalized hyperglycaemic levels in sub-diabetic and mild diabetic rats after glucose intake, but improved glucose tolerance in all groups (Jaiswal et al. 2009). In chronic diabetic rats, fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly reduced after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment. The extract was found to be more effective than glipizide. In another study, an aqueous extract of 100 mg/kg dose, administered by oral gavage to albino mice with alloxan-induced diabetes for 14 days, significantly reduced blood sugar and increased insulin levels. Homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showed that the extract reduced insulin resistance, which was associated with antioxidant capability and insulin sensitivity (Tuorkey 2016).
Scientific Rationale for the Use of Single Herb Remedies in Ayurveda
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Ajayan, R. Ajith Kumar, Nirmal Narayanan
The anti-diabetic effect of seeds of S. potatorum Linn. was further evaluated in a model of diabetes mellitus using streptozotocin (Biswas et al. 2012). Changes in fasting blood sugar were monitored periodically for 12 weeks along with weekly measurement of body weight, food and water intake for 4 weeks. The anti-diabetic effects were compared with glipizide as the reference hypoglycemic drug. S. potatorum Linn. (100 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced fasting blood sugar, the effects being comparable with glipizide (40 mg/kg, p.o.), which is an established hypoglycemic drug. The herb also increased body weight in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biswas et al. (2012) remark that, as the development of diabetes by streptozotocin is related to increased generation of free radicals (Van Dyke et al. 2010), it is possible that the observed anti-diabetic effect is mediated, at least partly, through its antioxidant effect. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of S. potatorum Linn. (Ekambaram et al. 2010), which may be attributed to the presence of antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenols (Mallikharjuna et al. 2007). The available research reports indicate that S. potatorum has promising anti-diabetic activity meriting further pharmacological studies.
Bilosomes as a promising nanoplatform for oral delivery of an alkaloid nutraceutical: improved pharmacokinetic profile and snowballed hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Mohammed H. Elkomy, Hussein M. Eid, Mohammed Elmowafy, Khaled Shalaby, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Mohamed A. Abdelgawad, Mostafa E. Rateb, Mohammed R.A. Ali, Izzeddin Alsalahat, Heba A. Abou-Taleb
Diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence increases due to poor nutrition and lifestyle behaviors, imposing a significant burden on individual families and societies (Karthikeyan et al., 2014). Currently, DM is generally treated with insulin injections and oral antidiabetic medications. However, subcutaneous insulin injections are painful and are sometimes linked with an allergic response, lipodystrophy, hypoglycemia, and even hyperinsulinemia (Wong et al., 2016). Similarly, oral antidiabetic medications such as glipizide, metformin, and repaglinide have gastrointestinal side effects, a significant risk of hypoglycemia, and weight gain (Arai et al., 2016). While these therapeutic approaches may improve some of the symptoms associated with DM, they cannot cure the disease completely. New effective drugs for DM treatment are still essential.
The role of sulfonylureas in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Brian Tomlinson, Nivritti Gajanan Patil, Manson Fok, Paul Chan, Christopher Wai Kei Lam
In a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 18 studies comparing mortality with different sulfonylureas using random effects models for direct pairwise comparisons and network meta-analyses to incorporate direct and indirect data, the use of gliclazide and glimepiride was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality compared with use of glibenclamide (Figure 3) [100]. Compared with glibenclamide, the relative risk of death was 0 · 65 (95% credible interval 0 · 53–0 · 79) for gliclazide and 0 · 83 (0 · 68–1 · 00) for glimepiride. Glipizide use had a similar risk compared with glibenclamide at 0 · 98 (0 · 80–1 · 19) and the relative risk of death tended to be higher than with glibenclamide for tolbutamide at 1 · 13 (0 · 90–1 · 42) and chlorpropamide at 1 · 34 (0 · 98–1 · 86) [100]. Similar associations were seen for cardiovascular-related mortality with gliclazide having a significantly lower RR compared with glibenclamide at 0 · 60 (95% credible interval 0 · 45–0 · 84) (Figure 4).
An up-to-date evaluation of alogliptin benzoate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Jingbo Hu, Chunlin Yang, Hongbo Wang, Jing Li, Xueying Tan, Jinhui Wang, Bin Zhang, Yufen Zhao
The long-term durability of the efficacy of alogliptin benzoate was evaluated in patients with T2DM (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00856284) [31]. The enrolled 2639 patients, with an HbA1c of 7.0% to 9.0% and FPG <15.3mmol/l on stable metformin, were randomly treated with alogliptin benzoate 25 mg once daily or glipizide 5 mg once daily, titrated to a maximum of 20 mg. At the end of treatment (104 weeks), the mean change in HbA1c from baseline were −0.68%, −0.72% and −0.59% for alogliptin benzoate 12.5 and 25 mg and glipizide, respectively. The hyperglycemic effect of alogliptin benzoate 25 mg was superiority than that of glipizide (P = 0.010). FPG was reduced by 0.05 and 0.18 mmol/l in patients receiving alogliptin benzoate 12.5 and 25 mg, increased by 0.30 mmol/l in patients receiving glipizide (Both P < 0.001) [31]. The mean changes in body weight were −0.68, −0.89 and 0.95 kg for alogliptin benzoate 12.5 and 25 mg and glipizide, respectively (vs glipizide, both P < 0.001) [31].