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Biotransformation of Sesquiterpenoids, Ionones, Damascones, Adamantanes, and Aromatic Compounds by Green Algae, Fungi, and Mammals
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Yoshinori Asakawa, Yoshiaki Noma
Germacrone (118), (+)-germacrone-4,5-epoxide (119), and curdione (120) isolated from Curcuma aromatica, which has been used as crude drug, were incubated with A. niger. From compound 119 (700 mg), two naturally occurring metabolites, zedoarondiol (121) and isozedoarondiol (122), were obtained (Takahashi, 1994). Compound 119 was cultured in callus of Curcuma zedoaria and C. aromatica to give the same secondary metabolites 121, 122, and 124 (Sakui et al., 1988) (Figures 23.40 and 23.41).
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, is a flowering plant of the ginger family that is native to Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. All parts of the plant are used for medical purposes, but the greatest use comes from the dried rhizome. A number of sesquiterpenes and other complex phytochemicals have been isolated from turmeric rhizome, but it is richest in curcuminoids and furanodiene. The best studied curcuminoid is curcumin. Not surprisingly, turmeric shares some phytochemicals with ginger.1 Among the many phytochemicals identified in turmeric are ferulic acid, coumaric acid, pinene, sabinene, myrcene, phellandrene, careen, terpinene, cymene, limonene, cineole, zingiberene, sesquiphellandrene, nerolidol, santalenone, turmerol, germacrone, turmerone, bisabolone, trans-alpha-atlantone, stigmasterol, and sitosterol.2 Along with antioxidant and anti-nociceptive effects, both animal and human trials have shown turmeric and its phytochemicals to be of value in the treatment of MDD.
Research progress on antiviral constituents in traditional Chinese medicines and their mechanisms of action
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Researchers studied the anti-SARS activity of Houttuynia cordata Thunb (Saururaceae) aboveground part (Yuxingcao) and detected its effect on RdRp activity by using filter combined with polymerase chain (Lau et al. 2008). The results showed that Yuxingcao exhibited significant inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV 3 C-like protease (3CLpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), suggesting that Yuxingcao had an inactivation effect on the RdRp activity of SARS coronavirus (Lau et al. 2008). A recent study found the inhibitory effects of three main chemical substances curcumol, curdione and germacrone on influenza virus. In vivo, these compounds reduced H1N1-induced lung damage and viral load in serum as well as the whole blood cells, germacrone was also found to inhibit both the viral attachment/entry step and the early stages of the viral replication cycle (Liao et al. 2013; Li, Xie, et al. 2020). In proteomic analysis, the expression of antiviral protein and intracellular virus were significantly reduced after germacrone treatment, further proving that gemacrone can inhibit viral replication (Li, Xie, et al. 2020).
Formulation and evaluation of a topical liposomal gel containing a combination of zedoary turmeric oil and tretinoin for psoriasis activity
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2021
Ji Chen, Yanqiao Ma, Yueying Tao, Xiaoqian Zhao, Yongai Xiong, Zehui Chen, Yingbiao Tian
The liposome suspension (1 mL) prepared were precipitated by centrifugation at 15000 r/min for 30 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was separated using a micropipette. The lower layer was precipitated and dissolved with 1 mL methanol. Using the germacrone contained in ZTO as the detection index (According to the 2015 version of PHARMACOPOEIA OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA). And the concentration of encapsulated germacrone (C1) and TRE (C2) were determined using HPLC. In addition, liposome suspension (1 mL) prepared were demulsified with methanol. After sonication, the suspension was collected in a centrifuge tube, and was centrifuged at 15 000 r/min for 30 min at 4 °C in an ultracold centrifuge. And finally the total drug concentration of germacrone (CT1) and TRE (CT2) was determined using HPLC. The EE and DL were calculated using the following equation:
Delivery of germacrone (GER) using macrophages-targeted polymeric nanoparticles and its application in rheumatoid arthritis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Tingfei Tan, Qi Huang, Weiwei Chu, Bo Li, Jingjing Wu, Quan Xia, Xi Cao
At present, the main purpose of treatment for RA is to achieve the highest anti-inflammatory effect while minimizing joint damage. Germacrone is one of the major bioactive components separated from Rhizoma curcuma (Aggarwal et al., 2013). Various studies have shown the anti-inflammatory roles of GER. Makabe et al. (2006) showed that GER could inhibit three quarters of ear inflammation. An et al. (2014) showed that GER could significantly suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors. Through GER treatment, LPS-promoted tissue damaged in newborn rats was also reduced, further indicating that GER had an anti-inflammatory effect.