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Mitigation of Obesity: A Phytotherapeutic Approach
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
A.B. Sharangi, Suddhasuchi Das
The Garcinia cambogia is a fruit that belongs to the family Guttiferae. It is commonly known as brindle berry, brindall berry, garcinia, malabar tamarind, gambooge, gorikapuli, uppagi, garcinia kola, mangosteen oil tree and distributed all throughout South East Asia including India. The fruit rinds contain hydroxycitric acid (HCA) which helps in weight loss by reducing fat production and suppressing appetite. Garcinia is also rich in citrine (an extract with 50–60% HCA) which inhibits an enzyme that helps the body manufacture fat for storage in adipose tissue. HCA produce energy, inhibits lipogenesis, reduces the production of cholesterol and fatty acids, enhances the production of glycogen in the liver, and reduces appetite (Sethi et al., 2011). Garcinia cambogia derived hydroxycitric acid extract effects the liberation and availability of 5-HT, which is responsible for controlling appetite (Ohia et al., 2002).
Overweight/Obesity
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Hydroxycitric Acid and Chromium: In a double-blind study, researchers found that taking 500 mg of hydroxycitric acid (Citrin), an extract from garcinia cambogia, and 100 mcg of chromium picolinate three times a day, approximately one half-hour before meals was both safe and effective. Subjects reported decreased appetite, fewer cravings for sweets, and increased energy. Individuals taking the supplement lost an average of 11 pounds in eight weeks compared to a four-pound average loss for those taking a placebo.9, 10, 11, 12 Patients were also put on a “smart choice” eating program, which is a low-fat, low-sugar, low-sodium version of three meals per day, and also participated in a sensible daily exercise program.
Garcinia indica (Kokum) and Ilex aquifolium (European Holly)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Dicson Sheeja Malar, Mani Iyer Prasanth, Tewin Tencomnao, James Michael Brimson, Anchalee Prasansuklab
Garcinia indica (Indian mangosteen; Kokum), a native plant of India, is a slow-growing tree with horizontal, drooping branches and grows up to 15 m height, and it belongs to the Guttiferae family. The leaves or oval or elliptical with a length of 5–10 cm and dark green in color. The hermaphroditic or gynodioecious flowers are fleshy and dark pink, which may be solitary or clusters containing 4 sepals and petals. The fruits are round or oval, which occurs as green when raw and turns red or purple when fully ripe (Figure 22.1A). The fruits with whitish pulp are sour to taste containing 3–8 seeds, which accounts for one-quarter of the fruit weight (Janick and Paull, 2008; Nayak et al., 2010a; Baliga et al., 2011; Khare, 2011; Ananthakrishnan and Rameshkumar, 2016).
Use and perceived effectiveness of complementary medicines for weight loss in adult women
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2023
J Bussicott, R Patel, J Pellow, RK Razlog
Garcinia cambogia and its main active constituent, hydroxycitric acid, are a popular ingredient found in many CM weight-loss products and have been extensively studied in relation to weight control. Hydroxycitric acid influences weight loss through appetite suppression via serotonin level regulation and metabolic modifications that promote energy expenditure.26 A review article by Fassina et al.27 showed that, although the evidence is contradictory, various studies have produced positive findings of promoting weight loss by suppressing the appetite and enhancing lipogenesis, as well as lowering cholesterol and glucose levels. The results of these studies are difficult to compare as they are heterogeneous in their methodologies (i.e. population groups tested, dosages given and duration of treatment), therefore the exact amount of weight loss that can be expected to be achieved is difficult to quantify. While Garcinia cambogia supplements appear to be safe in the vast majority of these studies, adverse effects have been reported, with the most significant being the potential for hepatotoxicity.27Garcinia cambogia might interact with anti-diabetic drugs, antidepressants and CYP2B6 substrate drugs, including antimalarials, antivirals, analgesics, anticonvulsants and anti-tumour medications.28 Further investigations are therefore needed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this supplement for weight loss.
Influence of a Novel Food-Grade Formulation of Red Chili Extract (Capsicum annum) on Overweight Subjects: Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Ashil Joseph, MSc, Febi John, PhD, Jestin V. Thomas, MSc, Syam Das, PhD Sivadasan, Balu Maliakel, PhD, Ratheesh Mohan, PhD, Krishnakumar I. M.
Natural compounds or extracts having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, thermogenic, lipolytic and hypolipidemic activities as well as the inhibitors of lipogenesis and adipogenesis have shown to be of great therapeutic importance in weight management (Karri et al. 2019). Calcium and potassium salts of hydroxy citric acids derived from Garcinia combogia have been reported as the inhibitors of lipogenesis to prevent the conversion of carbohydrates to fat (Heymsfield et al. 1998). Phytonutrients like resveratrol, genistein, catechins, ginseng root extract and p-synephrine in bitter orange were shown to offer some benefits in obesity due to their antioxidant effects (Stohs et al. 2012; Mousavi et al. 2019). Capsaicinoids, the pungent principles of Chili pepper (Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens), is yet another substance that has been demonstrated to possess various pharmacological activities including fat metabolism (lipolysis), adipogenesis, energy-burning (thermogenesis), anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects beneficial for weight management (Janssens et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2015; Clark and Lee 2016).
Protective effect of standardised fruit extract of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy against ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in Wistar rats
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Prakash Chandra Gupta, Ashish Kar, Nisha Sharma, Prashant Kumar Singh, Naba Kumar Goswami, Satyanshu Kumar
According to the findings, GCE in comparison to the conventional antiulcer therapies may be a better alternative treatment, since herbal drugs including GCE have fewer side effects, are less expensive, and can scavenge free radicals. While conventional treatments are associated with various side effects including relapse of the disease as described in Table 1 and are often expensive for the poor rural populations [61]. Numerous studies have shown that the efficacy of herbal remedies is similar to or better than that of drugs like ranitidine or omeprazole in humans and animal models [10,12]. This was further confirmed through the present study carried out, where the efficacy of GCE for the reduction in gastric lesions was comparable to standard antiulcer drug ranitidine. Toxicity studies on Garcinia showed that it is safe for human ingestion, with a wide margin of safety [62]. Although herb-drug interactions have raised safety concerns and some herbs can cause side effects [63] but according to the available literature, no interactions of Garcinia with other co-administered drugs have been reported so far.