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Mitigation of Obesity: A Phytotherapeutic Approach
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
A.B. Sharangi, Suddhasuchi Das
The Garcinia cambogia is a fruit that belongs to the family Guttiferae. It is commonly known as brindle berry, brindall berry, garcinia, malabar tamarind, gambooge, gorikapuli, uppagi, garcinia kola, mangosteen oil tree and distributed all throughout South East Asia including India. The fruit rinds contain hydroxycitric acid (HCA) which helps in weight loss by reducing fat production and suppressing appetite. Garcinia is also rich in citrine (an extract with 50–60% HCA) which inhibits an enzyme that helps the body manufacture fat for storage in adipose tissue. HCA produce energy, inhibits lipogenesis, reduces the production of cholesterol and fatty acids, enhances the production of glycogen in the liver, and reduces appetite (Sethi et al., 2011). Garcinia cambogia derived hydroxycitric acid extract effects the liberation and availability of 5-HT, which is responsible for controlling appetite (Ohia et al., 2002).
Overweight/Obesity
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Hydroxycitric Acid and Chromium: In a double-blind study, researchers found that taking 500 mg of hydroxycitric acid (Citrin), an extract from garcinia cambogia, and 100 mcg of chromium picolinate three times a day, approximately one half-hour before meals was both safe and effective. Subjects reported decreased appetite, fewer cravings for sweets, and increased energy. Individuals taking the supplement lost an average of 11 pounds in eight weeks compared to a four-pound average loss for those taking a placebo.9, 10, 11, 12 Patients were also put on a “smart choice” eating program, which is a low-fat, low-sugar, low-sodium version of three meals per day, and also participated in a sensible daily exercise program.
Lessons to Be Learnt from Ayurveda
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
Prachi Garodia, Sosmitha Girisa, Varsha Rana, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, Bharat B. Aggarwal
The simultaneous administration of alcohol extract of fenugreek seeds for 60 days inhibited the leakage of enzymatic activities of aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase into serum and lipid peroxidation in liver and brain with ethanol toxicity (Srinivasan 2006). Hydroxycitric acid, the major compound in Garcinia cambogia, is identified to block the synthesis of lipids and fatty acids. It can also prevent the activity of enzyme A.T.P.-citrate lyase that decreases the production of acetyl-CoA, the important substance in fat and carbohydrate metabolism, leading to low L.D.L. and triglycerides formation (Meena et al. 2009). Oral administration of the extract of Emblica officinalis at doses of around 500 mg/kg inhibited gastric lesions in rats. The extract was found to protect against ethanol-induced stomach wall mucus depletion and reduce sulfhydryl concentration. The study suggested Emblica officinalis extract as antisecretory, antiulcer and cytoprotective (Al-Rehaily et al. 2002). The lipid components from fruits and vegetables provide mucosal cytoprotection through increased prostaglandins production, glycogen and glycoproteins like mucin. In many in vivo studies fruits and vegetables like Allium sativum, Abelmoschus esculentus, Citrus limon, Citrus aurantium and Emblica officinalis could increase prostaglandin E2 in gastric ulcer models, resulting in cytoprotection of gastric mucosa (Harsha et al. 2017).
Use and perceived effectiveness of complementary medicines for weight loss in adult women
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2023
J Bussicott, R Patel, J Pellow, RK Razlog
Garcinia cambogia and its main active constituent, hydroxycitric acid, are a popular ingredient found in many CM weight-loss products and have been extensively studied in relation to weight control. Hydroxycitric acid influences weight loss through appetite suppression via serotonin level regulation and metabolic modifications that promote energy expenditure.26 A review article by Fassina et al.27 showed that, although the evidence is contradictory, various studies have produced positive findings of promoting weight loss by suppressing the appetite and enhancing lipogenesis, as well as lowering cholesterol and glucose levels. The results of these studies are difficult to compare as they are heterogeneous in their methodologies (i.e. population groups tested, dosages given and duration of treatment), therefore the exact amount of weight loss that can be expected to be achieved is difficult to quantify. While Garcinia cambogia supplements appear to be safe in the vast majority of these studies, adverse effects have been reported, with the most significant being the potential for hepatotoxicity.27Garcinia cambogia might interact with anti-diabetic drugs, antidepressants and CYP2B6 substrate drugs, including antimalarials, antivirals, analgesics, anticonvulsants and anti-tumour medications.28 Further investigations are therefore needed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this supplement for weight loss.
Desalted Salicornia europaea powder and its active constituent, trans-ferulic acid, exert anti-obesity effects by suppressing adipogenic-related factors
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Myung-Jin Kim, Jin-Hyoung Kim, Sok-Ho Kim, Hyeon-Kyu Go, Mee-Hyang Kweon, Do-Hyung Kim
The ESI-MS results, m/z 195.2 [M + H] and m/z 193.4 [M-H], showed that the molecular weight of compound 1, DSP-EW-3 was same as that of trans-ferulic acid (MW, 194, C10H10O4) (Figure 2). Readily available Garcinia cambogia extract (GE) (Pure GARCINIA Cambogia®, Fusion Diet Systems Inc., Sandy, UT) containing 60% hydroxycitric acid (HCA) was used as a positive control (200 mg/kg). Higher doses of simple DSP were selected (250, 500 mg/kg) compared to GE.