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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Galangin, kaempferol, and kaempferide are the major flavonoids in galangal and have strong antioxidant activities. A recent study reported that galangin may be a promising candidate for cancer prevention (218).
Increasing the Sensitivity of Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells to Insulin
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Methanol extract of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. given orally to New Zealand rabbits at a dose equivalent to 4 g/kg of powdered rhizomes lowered plasma glucose from 101.4 to 73.8 mg/dL after 4 hours and this effect was similar to gliclazide at 80 mg/kg (76.4 mg/kg).346 In alloxan-induced diabetic rodents, the extract had no ability to lower plasma glucose similarly to gliclazide.346 Sulfonylureas like gliclazide have been reported not to decrease the blood glucose levels of alloxan diabetic animals with complete destruction of β-cells. When all β-cells are destroyed by alloxan on streptozotocin, there is no more insulin and insulinotropic agent do no impose hypoglycemia. Galangin from the rhizome of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. given orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 16 days orally to fructose-fed Wistar rats lowered glucose from 120.6 to 73.8 mg/dL (normal: 69.8 mg/dL), triglycerides from 163.4 to 98.5 mg/dL (normal: 91.6 mg/dL), decreased plasma insulin from 62.6 to 33.5 μU/mL (normal: 34.2 μU/mL), and increased insulin sensitivity an improvement of glucose clearance by skeletal muscles and/or adipocytes.348 This flavone at a concentration of 30 μM induced glucose uptake by L6 myotubes in vitro as efficiently as insulin at 0.1 μM.208
Galangin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice via modulation of cellular immunity
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2021
Kok-Tong Tan, Shiming Li, Lauren Panny, Chi-Chien Lin, Shih-Chao Lin
Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a phytochemical flavonoid isolated from Alpinis officinarum, a plant of the ginger family, and also from honeybee propolis (Quiroga et al. 2006). It was previously shown that galangin could impart neuroprotective/anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS. Specifically, galangin was reported to inhibit production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from poly(I:C)-stimulated microglia cells, events that simulate RNA viral infection in the CNS; this was achieved via suppression of NF-κB activity and phosphorylation of Akt pathways (Choi et al. 2017). Other studies revealed galangin could reduce production of IL-1β and induce nitric oxide synthase in microglia cells activated by lipopolysaccharide via suppression of NF-κB and MAPK pathways (Jung et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2019). In fact, the NF-κB pathway has been shown to be activated in MS patients and EAE animals and contributes substantially to MS pathogenesis (Pahan and Schmid 2000; Housley et al. 2015). Because oxidative stress also has an implied role in the pathogenesis and severity of MS, this emphasizes the potential need for identifying effective anti-oxidants to combat MS (Gilgun-Sherki et al. 2004; Ohl et al. 2016). Considering the molecular bases associated with MS pathogenesis, galangin stood out as a promising therapeutic to explore in an MS model.
Preparation, statistical optimization, in vitro characterization, and in vivo pharmacological evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulating propolis flavonoids: a novel treatment for skin edema
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Bahareh Afra, Mojdeh Mohammadi, Meysam Soleimani, Reza Mahjub
According to the literature, propolis extracts exhibit several biological and pharmacological properties such as immunomodulatory [5,6], anti-tumor [7–10], anti-inflammatory [11,12], anti-oxidant [13–15], anti-bacterial [16,17], anti-viral [18,19], anti-fungal [20], and anti-parasite effects [21,22]. In addition to wound healing and treatment of burns and ulcers, propolis has also been effectively used in treatment of dermatological, laryngological, gynecological, neurodegenerative, and dental diseases [23]. According to previous studies, propolis flavonoids (PFs) are responsible for many of these biological and pharmacological activities. Flavonoids such as pinocembrin and galangin have been found as the major compounds responsible for antibacterial activities of propolis [24]. Moreover, galangin also showed anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fungal properties [25,26]. It is reported that the dominant anti-inflammatory properties of galangin, as one of the most important PFs, are through inhibition of enzymatic activities in cyclo-oxygenase and lipo-oxygenase as well as reduced secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [27].
Galangin controls streptozotocin-caused glucose homeostasis and reverses glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzyme changes in rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Amal A. Aloud, Veeramani Chinnadurai, Govindasamy Chandramohan, Mohammed A. Alsaif, Khalid S. Al-Numair
Recent studies are mainly focused on discovering anti-hyperglycemic drugs from natural dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and terpenoids (Yang et al.2014, Ankita et al.2015). Previous studies have ascertained that flavonoids prevent diabetic complications by stimulating insulin secretion or enhancing its action, regulating carbohydrate metabolism, and promoting peripheral tissue glucose uptake and glycogen storage (Coskun et al.2005, Yang et al.2014). A dietary galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is found in honey and the root of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Heo et al.2001), and it is chemically illustrated in Figure 1. Galangin possesses a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties, such as anti-obesity (Kumar and Alagawadi 2013), anti-oxidative (Meyer et al.1997), anti-clastogenic (Bestwick and Milne 2006), anti-microbial (Murray et al.2000), anti-cancer (Li et al.2010) and anti-inflammatory activities (Jung 2014). A previous study has established that galangin prevents oxidative damage in rats (Sivakumar and Anuradha 2011). A low-dose of STZ has been known to impair insulin secretion and cause a state of insulin-dependent diabetes (Szkudelski 2001). Hence, in this study, diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ). Glibenclamide is a standard synthetic drug which is used to control hyperglycaemia by arousing insulin secretion from β-cells. Therefore, we have chosen glibenclamide as a standard synthetic drug and compared its effects with galangin.