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Hepatoprotective Marine Phytochemicals
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
BR Annapoorna, S Vasudevan, K Sindhu, V Vani, V Nivya, VP Venkateish, P Madan Kumar
Recent research is focused on using pigments extracted from marine sources as anticancer agents due to their significant pharmaceutical applications (Manivasagan et al. 2018). Studies have shown the anticancer effects of chlorophyll and its derivatives via assessment of its antimutagenic activities. Fucoxanthin was reported to be effective against various cancers, such as liver, prostate, leukemia, breast, and others. In HepG2 cells, the anticancer activity of fucoxanthin was studied in which fucoxanthin reduced the cell viability by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase (Das et al. 2008).
Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Recent studies have reported that fucoxanthin has many physiological functions and biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes activities, as well as hepatic, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular protective effects (143–144). Due to being a strong scavenger of free radicals, fucoxanthin exerts tumor inhibitory effects in various cancer cells and mouse models such as colon, liver, prostate, or breast cancer (144). Many studies have demonstrated its anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in animals. Fucoxanthinol, a metabolite of fucoxanthin, also showed activity against colon and breast cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, fucoxanthin can be used as both a medicinal and a nutritional ingredient to prevent and treat chronic diseases. However, some studies have indicated that its structure can be unstable (143). More research is needed in the future regarding the promise of fucoxanthin. Consuming comestible brown algae may be helpful to the health.
Microalgal Pigments as Natural Color
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
K. G. Sreekala, Malairaj Sathuvan, Javee Anand, Karuppan Ramamoorthy, Vengatesh Babu, S. Nagaraj
The carotenoid fucoxanthin has a distinctive structure with epoxy, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups in a hydrocarbon chain with multiple double bonds, and has photosynthetic and protective functions. The antioxidant property of fucoxanthin has cancer chemoprevention potential, besides which there is a pro-oxidant activity on tumors, thereby inducing death in cancer cells. The other mechanisms involve regulation of cell death, cell cycle arrest, and metastasis. Fucoxanthin was found to exhibit antiproliferative effect in some carcinomas including breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol (metabolite of fucoxanthin) induced apoptosis and inhibited NF-kB pathway in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively.40
Effects of CLIC4 on Fucoxanthinol-Induced Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Reo Yokoyama, Hiroyuki Kojima, Rie Takai, Tohru Ohta, Hayato Maeda, Kazuo Miyashita, Michihiro Mutoh, Masaru Terasaki
Fucoxanthin (Fx), a highly polar marine xanthophyll, is found in edible brown algae such as Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) and Sargassum horneri (akamoku). Dietary Fx is metabolized in the intestine to deacetylated fucoxanthinol (FxOH, Figure 1A), which is the major form observed in the blood and various tissues (20, 21). There is no epidemiological evidence of Fx regarding cancer therapy and prevention. However, Fx possesses a potent anticancer activity in animal models compared with other middle-polar or nonpolar carotenoids (22). Several reports demonstrated that Fx or FxOH induced cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis in some cancer cells through mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced p53 activation, and attenuated integrin signaling (23–25). These underlying mechanisms of apoptosis induction in cancer cells by Fx or FxOH are all closely associated with CLIC4 function. However, no information is available regarding Fx or FxOH regulation of CLIC4 in cancer cells.
Undaria pinnatifida a Rich Marine Reservoir of Nutritional and Pharmacological Potential: Insights into Growth Signaling and Apoptosis Mechanisms in Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Abdul Rehman Phull, Song Ja Kim
As evident from the aforementioned facts that U. pinnatifida is seaweeds specie possessing numerous biofunctionalities and nutraceutical potential. It is also a rich source of various bioactive constituents, including fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and others. It is a rich source of vitamins, mineral, amino acids, and other nutritional components. Undaria pinnatifida derived components are reported to have antiviral, anticoagulant, antiallergic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and cholesterol lowering effects. In addition, these have demonstrated significant activities in different cancer models by various mechanisms such as apoptosis induction, inhibition of cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis. It is well documented that dysregulation of these processes are associated with etiopathology of cancer. Henceforth, exploring of apoptosis inducing natural components could be of prominent significance for cancer therapies. Undaria pinnatifida can be regarded as vital seaweed specie requiring extensive studies to establish a beneficial safety profile of therapeutic significance in humans. Furthermore, detailed understanding of bioactivities and anticancer mechanisms of U. pinnatifida components could be useful for expanding its beneficial value in nutraceutical industries, or pharmaceutical potential application for the treatment and management of ailments like cancer.
A Marine Carotenoid of Fucoxanthinol Accelerates the Growth of Human Pancreatic Cancer PANC-1 Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Masaru Terasaki, Shouta Takahashi, Ryuta Nishimura, Atsuhito Kubota, Hiroyuki Kojima, Tohru Ohta, Junichi Hamada, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, Hayato Maeda, Kazuo Miyashita, Mami Takahashi, Michihiro Mutoh
Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a predominant marine carotenoid in edible brown algae, such as Undaria pinnatifida (wakame), which contains 0.3 ∼ 5.0 mg Fx/g wakame dry weight (21, 22). Among 15 dietary carotenoids, Fx was identified as the most potent inhibitor of the growth of human cancer cells (23). Dietary Fx is readily deacetylated to fucoxanthinol (FxOH, Figure 1A) during intestinal absorption, and circulates as a dominant metabolite in human and mouse blood (24, 25). Fx is now widely accepted as a multifunctional carotenoid against cancer, obesity, and diabetes (26–28). However, epidemiological studies have yet to confirm whether Fx or FxOH reduce the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Evidence for the anticancer effects of Fx has been obtained from In Vivo experiments on intestinal, liver, and lung cancers (26, 29–31). To date, only one study has demonstrated the antiproliferative effects of Fx using human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells (32). The molecular mechanisms underlying Fx- or FxOH-induced anti-proliferation and apoptosis have been investigated using cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, glioblastoma, and promyelocytic leukemia cells. In these studies, the activation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, STAT, Bcl-2, and NFκB signals as well as caspase-3 was altered by treatments with Fx or FxOH (33–38). We previously reported that FxOH induced apoptosis and anoikis in human colorectal cancer cells and stem-like spheroids by suppressing integrin, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and STAT signals and activating caspase-3 (35, 39). However, it currently remains unclear whether Fx or FxOH exert these effects on pancreatic cancer cells.