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Sedation and Restraint for Standing Procedures
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Prior medical therapy included: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory administration (flunixin meglumine, 1.1 mg/kg IV)Sedation with xylazine (150 mg IV, twice).
Clinical Endocrinology of Pregnant Mares
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Daels et al. (1991b) addressed whether flunixin meglumine could prevent luteolysis and maintain pregnancy in mares that were administered endotoxin. Flunixin meglumine, an NSAID cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor interferes with the production of PG. When flunixin meglumine was administered to mares between days 21 and 44 of gestation 10 min before endotoxin administration, endogenous P4 production was maintained and none of the mares lost their pregnancy. In those mares in which flunixin meglumine was administered 1 h after endotoxic insult, systemic P4 fell <2 ng/mL for several days, and pregnancy was lost in one of three mares. When flunixin meglumine was administered 2 h after endotoxic insult, P4 fell <0.5 ng/mL, and all three pregnancies were lost. Likewise, the 12 pregnant mares administered only endotoxin had very low P4 concentrations, and all lost their pregnancies.
Development of a Pain Scoring System for Use in Sheep Surgically Implanted with Ventricular Assist Devices
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Jenelle M. Izer, Rebecca A. LaFleur, William J. Weiss, Ronald P. Wilson
A numerical score is assigned to each category with higher numbers indicating a greater potential for pain. Certain categories are numerically weighted more heavily, including bruxism and pain upon palpation of the surgical site. The scores from each category are added to calculate the total pain score. To interpret the scores, a decision tree was developed (Figure 3) to help guide the evaluator upon completion of scoring. A total score of 0–2 requires no intervention, 3–9 requires the consideration of additional analgesic administration (an additional dose of a single analgesic, typically either systemic buprenorphine or local bupivacaine), and a pain score ≥ 10 requires the consideration of additional multimodal analgesia (an additional dose of two or more analgesics, such as a combination treatment of systemic buprenorphine and local bupivacaine). To prevent adverse effects related to excessive nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration such as gastrointestinal ulceration, the administration of additional doses of flunixin meglumine as rescue analgesia is generally avoided.
Habituation of the cardiovascular responses to restraint stress in male rats: influence of length, frequency and number of aversive sessions
Published in Stress, 2019
Ricardo Benini, Leandro A. Oliveira, Lucas Gomes-de-Souza, Carlos C. Crestani
Twenty-four hours before the cardiovascular recording, rats were anesthetized with tribromoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich) (25 mg/ml/100 g body weight, i.p.) and a polyethylene cannula (a 4 cm segment of PE-10 bound to a 13 cm segment of PE-50) (Clay Adams, Parsippany, NJ) was implanted into the abdominal aorta via the femoral artery for cardiovascular recording. The catheter was exteriorized on the rat’s dorsum. After the surgery, rats were treated with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug flunixin meglumine (Banamine®; Schering-Plough, Cotia, Brazil) (0.5 mg/mL/kg, s.c.) to provide post-operative analgesia and a poly-antibiotic formulation containing streptomycins and penicillins (Pentabiotico®; Fort Dodge, Campinas, Brazil) (560 mg/mL/kg, i.m.) to prevent infection. The rats were kept in individual cages during the post-operative period and cardiovascular recording.
Discovery of antimicrobial compounds targeting bacterial type FAD synthetases
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2018
María Sebastián, Ernesto Anoz-Carbonell, Begoña Gracia, Pilar Cossio, José Antonio Aínsa, Isaías Lans, Milagros Medina
31, or flunixin meglumine, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, analgesic and antipyretic extensively used in horses, pigs and cattle49–51. This fact guarantees that 31 can be used securely in mammals. In this study, 31 arises as a mixed inhibitor of the CaFADS FMNAT activity. This is in agreement with our docking model and its small size, envisaging that binding of this compound might coexist with binding of substrates or products in non-competent conformations. Although 31 is the less potent inhibitor of the three here characterised (Table 2, Figure 3), its binding thermodynamic properties, together with its bio-security in mammals, reveals its potentiality as a drug precursor.