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Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Kavitha Krishnan, Julianne Werner
A dosage of 150–200 mg/d of elemental iron for three months is recommended to treat iron deficiency.25 Iron is most commonly available in the form of ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate. Although fumarate is most easily absorbed, sulfate and gluconate forms are preferred since they are inexpensive, and are also bioavailable.2 The amount of elemental iron in each iron salt varies, hence the type of the supplement will determine the dosage. Ferrous sulfate is 20% elemental iron, ferrous fumarate 33%, and ferrous gluconate 12%.26
Questions for part F
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
What dose of oral ferrous sulfate would effectively treat her anaemia with a low risk of causing adverse effects?200 mg alternate days200 mg daily200 mg twice daily200 mg three times daily400 mg twice daily
Development in Infant Nutrition
Published in Frank Falkner, Infant and Child Nutrition Worldwide:, 2021
The effectiveness of ferrous sulfate to fortify infant formula products has been known for more than three decades (Marsh et al., 1959; Stekel et al., 1986). Unfortunately foods for infants cannot be fortified with ferrous sulfate because its presence produces off-flavors and unacceptable color changes. Heme iron, isolated from beef blood, has been used successfully to fortify cookies that are part of the school lunch program in Chile (Stekel et al., 1986). The color changes produced in the finished cookie by this highly bioavailable form of iron were masked by the addition of chocolate.
Iron deficiency anemia in males: a dosing dilemma?
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Abu Baker Sheikh, Nismat Javed, Zainab Ijaz, Venus Barlas, Rahul Shekhar, Blavir Rukov
Despite this factor, the routine practice is to address the amount of elemental iron needed to correct the anemia. The adult dose of elemental iron is 150 to 200 mg daily for 3 months. Oral ferrous sulfate is the most commonly used formulation. The quantity of elemental iron in one 325 mg tablet is about 65 mg; therefore, the oral form is recommended for use every eight hours [15]. In that case, the total amount supplied to the body in one day would be 195 mg. However, only 2% to 13% of the supplied elemental iron is absorbed with food, and 5% to 28% is absorbed without food [16]. Even if maximal absorption rates were achieved, the additional requirement to correct anemia would still not be met. However, it was found that when the total amount of oral ferrous sulfate prescribed in a day increased, it was associated with adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, tarry stools, dose-related constipation, and taste changes [17]. These adverse effects can cause non-compliance in many patients.
Preventing complications by persistence with iron replacement therapy: a comprehensive literature review
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Maurizio Serati, Marco Torella
A variety of iron preparations exist, therefore it is important to compare them and their potential to enhance adherence. In a systematic review of 111 studies and 10,695 patients, a lower incidence of adverse events (approximately 4%) and notably gastrointestinal events was observed for ferrous sulfate with polymeric complex compared to other oral ferrous supplements (ferrous gluconate, ferrous glycine sulfate, ferrous sulfate without polymeric complex and ferrous fumarate [the highest rate of adverse events at 47%], all p < .001) (Figure 2)70. In their study, ferrous sulfate with polymeric complex was as well tolerated as ferric iron (iron protein succinylate)70. The authors suggest that improved tolerability may lead to better adherence and improved quality of life. Heterogeneity of study designs and methods was noted as a limitation; however, this was common for all of the supplements studied.
Iron deficiency and cyanotic breath-holding spells: The effectiveness of iron therapy
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2018
Sherifa A. Hamed, Eman Fathalla Gad, Tahra Kamel Sherif
All children (patients and controls) were subjected to (a) medical and neurological histories and examinations. Histories include history of abnormal bleeding, blood transfusion and excessive surgery. Symptoms of Iron deficiency anemia included the following: excessive fatigue, dizziness, headache, depression, sore tongue, increased sensitivity to cold and shortness of breath, (b) electrocardiography or ECG (12 leads) and echocardiography, (c) EEG and (d) laboratory investigations: All participants underwent complete blood count (CBC), kidney and liver function tests. Serum iron was measured using colorimetric chromazuol B,22 serum ferritin was measured using electrochemiluminescence using elecsys and cobas (2010) immunoassay analyzers. Iron deficiency is defined as serum ferritin level less than 12 ng/ml. Iron deficiency anemia is defined by presence of iron deficiency and hemoglobin level <10.5 g/dl.23 Patients with iron deficiency or Iron deficiency anemia were treated with iron (ferrous sulfate in a dose of 6 mg/kg/day) for 3 months and then 3 mg/kg/day for another 3 months. Follow-up was done monthly by the treating physician(s).