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Toxins in Neuro-Ophthalmology
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
In a study on 69 spray men exposed to organophosphate and copper acetoarsenite, macular degeneration was noted in 15 out of 79 (22%) subjects (3% in controls) and was characterized by 1/6 to 1/3 disc diameter depigmented lesions in fovea, which were bilateral in 5 (Figure 24.3). Fluorescein angiography reveals focal area for pigment epithelium defect [56, 57]. These results were confirmed in an experimental study using fenthion exposure in rats [58].
The Blue Nile Health Project — Objectives, Methods, and Budget
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
The pesticides to be used for control of vectors of malaria are DDT, malathion, and fenitrothion wdp for indoor residual spraying and Abate® “EC” for larviciding in clean water. Fenthion will be used for larviciding in polluted waters. Other pesticides will be tested as replacement compounds or for use by other application methods as required. Bayluscide® will be used for snail control, while plant products and other molluscicides will be subjected to field testing for evaluation under local conditions.
Rationale and technique of malaria control
Published in David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles, Essential Malariology, 2017
David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles
Fenthion (Baytex), another derivative of phospho-rothioate, has a higher toxicity to insects and to mammals than malathion (highly hazardous; LD50 330 mg/kg) and it was used with some success in Africa and Iran as a water-dispersible powder at a target dosage of 1.5 g/m2. However, because of its toxic hazards to sprayers, fenthion is not suitable for routine indoor spraying, although it is of some value as a larvicide for the control of culicine mosquitoes.
Apoptosis is involved in paraoxon-induced histological changes in rat cerebellum
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Zohreh Zare, Sam Zarbakhsh, Shamim Mashhadban, Afshin Moradgholi, Moslem Mohammadi
Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that gestational exposure to OP compounds might have detrimental effects on the offspring that persist later into adulthood. In a study conducted by Abou-Donia et al. (2006), dermal exposure of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to chlorpyrifos on gestational days 4–20 was seen to decrease the number of survived cerebellar Purkinje neurons in both male and female adult offspring at postnatal day 90. Furthermore, evidence suggests that exposure of pregnant and lactating rats to fenthion (a systemic OP pesticide) results in oxidative stress and histopathology in the cerebrum and cerebellum of their suckling rats (Ben Amara et al. 2014).
Acute renal involvement in organophosphate poisoning: histological and immunochemical investigations
Published in Renal Failure, 2018
Yasemin Kaya, Orhan Bas, Hatice Hanci, Soner Cankaya, Ismail Nalbant, Ersan Odaci, Hüseyin Avni Uydu, Ali Aslan
Fenthion is one of the OP insecticides most widely used for control of many varieties of insects in agriculture and public health [10]. Various studies suggested that both renal circulation and electrolyte excretion were under partial cholinergic control so that partial exposure to cholinesterase may disrupt those renal functions. Also it has been shown that OP poisoning often led to pathophysiological damage in the kidney [7–12]. In this study, we aimed to histopathologically investigate the possible effect of acute toxicity due to fenthion, an OP compound, on the kidneys.
Acute phenthoate self-poisoning: a prospective case series
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Lekaashree Rambabu, Fahim Mohamed, Jeevan Dhanarisi, Indika Gawarammana, Jacques Raubenheimer, Lorraine Mackenzie, Michael S. Roberts, Nicholas Buckley, Michael Eddleston
As highly hazardous WHO Class II insecticides such as dimethoate and fenthion are banned globally, other OP insecticides will likely replace them and become more commonly used. The evidence reported here suggests that phenthoate is in the mid-range of toxicity of insecticides of WHO hazard class II. However, the case fatality is high compared to poisoning with other Class II insecticide chemical classes that are much less toxic for humans, such as neonicotinoids, pyrethroids and other non-cholinesterase pesticides [29].